1. Policy demands
2. Policy decisions
3. Policy statements
4. Policy out puts
5. Policy outcomes
Policy demand: this is the claims made upon public officials by other actors, private or official in political system for action[n or inaction on some perceived problem
The demands that help give rise to public policy and which it is designed to satisfy, at least in part are important items for consideration in the study of public policy.
Policy decision; decision are made by public officials that authorized or give direction and content of public actions are studied in public policy. Included in the study are decisions to enact statutes, issue executive orders or edicts, promulgate administrative rules or make important judicial interpretations of laws.
Policy statements: formal expressing or articulation of public policy, which include, legislative statues, decrees, presidential orders, administration rules and regulation and court opinions, statements and speeches by public officials indication the intentions and goals of government and what will be done to realize them. As indicated earlier policy statement is sometime ambiguous and conflict policy out puts: these includes tangible manifestations of policies,, namely those things actually done in pursuance of policy decisions and statements. This means what a government does as distinct from what it says going to do eg actual taxes collected, number of high ways constructed, amount of drugs purchased for the hospitals, trade liberation, import restrictions, tariff s imposed etc . this also included the new organizational units set up or renovation of existing ones done for the purpose of implementations policy out come: they are the intended or unintended consequences of policies that flow from action or inaction by government.
Take the case of the structural adjustment programme in Nigeria (sap) the consequences are intended gains, important in rural incomes and local sourcing of needed raw materials for industries and unintended pains hardship for families because of prevailing high rate of inflation, low disposal income and poor purchasing power of Nigeria. In all these, is need to know whether or not policies a complies what they are intended to a accomplish, it is also the task of policy evolution
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