Studies have indicated that most adolescents spend the largest part of their time watering video and films. They also spend quite long time in browsing charting and watching films on internet. In same vein the advent of movies has internationalized the peculiar cultures of various societies with mass production of visual images, videos, television etc now found in placed which were formerly not reached by these media, the world has eventually become a global village. The rate of which films and videos are produced is flooded with all songs of films in the words of Ijaduola (19990 “most of the films are found not to be protecting the values and norms of our society but they are too foreign oriented in their cultural projection”
As noted by Filan (2000) television has been found to greatly influence the attitudes, moral, values and behavior of the youths. One common problem of our society now as observed by Ogunsanya (2002) is the unwanted or teenage pregnancy. Research finding Warkins 2001, Zacchius 2002) have shown that sexual activities among the young people have become sporadic. Adolescents are found to be more active sexually and this has been attributed to the negative influence of mass media most especially the pornographic films which the young are exposed to. Shobo (2001) contended that despite the efforts of moderating agencies, many producers are still flooding the market with all forms of exotic pictures. Most films are videos characters serve as role models to the adolescents
On many news stands we now find magazine, pictures, posters etc on sexually arousing materials. As a result the youths are exposed to sexual materials before they are mentally ready for them.
The law guiding the purchase and viewing of films are not binding as anybody can obtain and kind of films from video house Wowi (1999) the impact of these films on the sexual attitudes of the youth is enormous. As observed by Owvamamam (2005) film and pictures are forms of instructional materials through which the young ones acquire new attitude . But Kupp (2006) posited that the Negabive effect of mass media exposure on adolescents including increase violence and aggressive behavior increase high risk behavior such as alcohol and tobacco use ad accelerated onset of sexual activity.
It should be noted, however that the period of adolescents is characterized by physical rapid cognitive moral and social emotional changes. Many scholar Steinberg and Gragorenko 2001. Anderson, 2002, Fyermbo, 2004 Bansal 2006 have described this period as a period of storm and stress Eric Erickson describes adolescence as a period of stress identity versus growth confusion . according to him adolescence period is divided into two namely: early indolence (13-15) years and late adolescence (16-18) darling and Steinberg (2003) awake 2007 opined that adolescence are confronted with many problem which they try to find solutions to physical sensation for instance ends to sexual behavior which responds to biological changes. Attentions are drawn on general organs. On social part they being to develop amorous relations to opposite sex to successfully work with youths, case workers and providers of services for adolescents must understand adolescence development and stay abreast of those things that an adolescents need to learn and known as they move through adolescence into adulthood Ugbe (2000) Zobola 2003.
Nevertheless, school management refers to the sum total of its surrounding as an organization Bourgress (2002). Practicing and prospective school mangers deserve to posses an appreciation understanding of their environment in its entirely. As opined by Ijaduola (2007b) many changes have resulted from the pressures emanating from the environmental forces orderly external to the school but imminently intimidating it. The shift to recognition of these environmental external and internal forces is gradual but dramatic seen form this angel, the environmental either nature, social, economic political or cultural a combination of some or all of these is an organic element , expectedly the school grows and develops from the life of the society environment . The changing society as a result of various means of communication and information has made adolescents to be more sexually active. This is because adolescent have been fund to be thrilled by sexual discourse and information specifically, this study will offer first hand information to parents on how adolescents behave towards sex hence sensitize the parents on how guide and monitor the films their children are exposed to. The study will equally provide teachers with details information and guidance counselors will via this study have in sights on the sexual problems faced by the youth with a view to devising mean of solving them. Finally, it will enable government to put in place programmes that will enhance moral life of the youth.
HYPOTHESES
The following four will hypotheses were developed and tested in the study
1. There is no significant difference between sex attitude of student that watch films and those who do not.
2. There is no significant difference between junior and senior secondary school students sex attitude
3. There is no significant difference between rural and urban students sex attitude
4. There is no significant difference between Christian and ministry students sex attitude. Descriptive survey design was used in this study 1,200 secondary school students were randomly selected form 60 secondary schools across the 4 geo-political zones at 20 students per school) the questionnaire for data collection was administered to the respondents personally, having been validated and reliability coefficient established. The sex attitude scale used was developed by Rakesh 1992 and it consisted of 42 items
The four mill hypothesis generated and tested in the study were analyzed employing the t-test inferential statistic at 0.05 revel of significance.
RESULT
T-TEST ANALYSIS OF HYPOTHESIS 1-4
Hypothesis |
Group |
N |
X |
SD |
DF |
R-cal |
FBB |
Remark |
HO1 |
film watchers non film watchers |
879 321 |
57.03 24.17 |
8.64 7.58 |
1198 – |
241 |
1.96 |
S |
HO2 |
JSS students SS students |
617 583 |
36.16 32.82 |
5.77 3.94 |
1198 |
0.2.96 |
1.96 |
NS |
HO3 |
Rural student Urban student |
598 602 |
50.94 32.11 |
7.82 690 |
1198 |
2.09 |
1.96 |
S |
HO4 |
Christian students |
409 |
25.88 |
4.68 |
1198 |
0.310 |
1.96 |
NS |
Muslim Students /791/29.05/601/
The calculated value of (2.41) for Ho is higher than critical value of 1.96 at 1198 degree of freedom and (0.05) level of significance. This implies that flair of film watching significantly impact on student’s sex attitude. Therefore the null hypothesis, which stated that there is no significant difference between junior and senior secondary school students sex attitude is rejected.
However, the analysis of hypothesis 3 indicated f – value of 2.07 which is higher than t- table 1.96 at 1198 degree of freedom and 0.005 level of significance
This is a clear indication that school location has to do with students sex attitude therefore, there is significant difference between rural and urban students attitude as portrayed in hypothesis 4 , the obtained value of 0.310 is less than the table value of 1.96 at 1198 degree of freedom and 0.05 level of significant. In view of this it could be asserted that religious affiliation does not exert influence on the sea attitude of students. On this premise the null hypothesis which stated that there is no significant difference between Christian and Muslim students sea attitude is rejected
DISCUSSION
It has been established their sexually education is not taught in the schools selected for this study as a large number of respondents affirmed. This study has been also revealed that the general assumption that both male and female students in the selected secondary school will not have the same attitude and knowledge about sex is true, as more female than male respondent demonstrated good attitude and knowledge about sexuality. This revelation affects to the researches findings of Warkins (2001) which had earlier established the fact that sexual activities and exploration among the youths have become sporadic as a result of the negative influence of mass media as well as the phonograph films to which the young once are exposes similarly the manifestation by this study that age does not constitute hindrance to student had been buttressed in similar studies by Adebinpe and Akinde (1994) who contended that youths are exposed to are mentally mature and reading for them. As they argue further, this ugly development is not unconnected with the fact that the laws guiding the purchase and viewing of films are not binding as anybody can obtain any kind of films from video homes
Finally, sex attitude is natural and health part of living and that all sexual decision have effects or consequences that youths also accepted that ignorance of facts about sexuality can lead to unplanned pregnancy and allied negative consequences while abstinence is the best protection against unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AID these had been attested to by Kupp (2006) that the negative consequence of mass media exposure on youth include increase violence aggressive behavior, increase high risk behaviour such as alcohol and tobacco use and accelerated on sep of sexual activities which is cautioned by Ogunsanya (2002) could lead to unwanted or teenage pregnancy
CONCLUSION /IMPLICATION
One many rest this discussion of sex attitude of students on the premise that a school managers style of leadership must address the situational forces as the school preferred pressure of time and even environmental factors all of which may affect students attitudes towards a particular phenomena. There was little or no concern for the external environment school management practitioners assumed and some what correctly that things could be done on the same way and manner they were done before then and since the presences but an extension of the past, there was no need to act differently. Evenly how, today’s world is by far very different from the yester years. Many external forces and pressures with related agenda and manifesters are getting organized powerfully along recognizable institutional patterns
REFERENCES
Adegoke A.A 2003 Adolescent in Africa Ibadan Hadessah
Publishing Co. Ademosun A.A 207
Burgress A.P (2002) Affects of Three Principle Styles on School
Improvement Human Communication
Bansal R. 2006 Motivational Determinant of problem solving
task in peer presence conditions a summary of reviews Ibdian journal of psychology and education (4) pp 75-83
GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING PSY 319
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