– A Systems Approach to Housing Delivery in the Federal Capital Territory (Fct) Abuja, Nigeria –
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ABSTRACT
Housing has been described as an unstructured, complex, multi-dimensional phenomenon and its delivery as an important social policy issue. However, housing delivery in Nigeria is enmeshed in a myriad of perennial problems: huge housing deficits; acute shortages; overcrowding; high costs of building, renting and maintenance of houses.
These are the outcomes of the extant policy driven persistently by the provisions approach frameworks that largely depend on implementation theory and political will, as such are not adequate, inefficient or unsustainable. The aim of this study therefore, was to develop an alternative delivery and management framework which would be more effective than the existing policy approaches in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja.
The objectives of the study were to examine the status of housing delivery in the FCT; examine the policy frameworks of the extant Nigerian National Policy of 1991; evaluate the policy influence on the stakeholders’ participation and performance in housing delivery in the FCT; develop a framework for housing delivery and management in the FCT based on a Systems Approach and validate the framework predicatively for adoption.
The study adopted a pragmatic philosophy and deductive approach to enquiry and a macro-view of the systems approach. Primary data were collected from a pilot survey and structured questionnaires. Secondary data were also collected from relevant documented literature.
INTRODUCTION
The Nigerian National Housing Policy postulated that housing is the process of providing functional shelter in a proper setting in a neighbourhood supported by maintenance of the built environment for the day-to-day living and activities of individuals and families within the community (FRN,2006(a)). Housing has also been defined as an “object, a product, a process, a resource, an environment, a symbol or even a state of mind” (Steggell et al., 2001) or a “complex phenomenon” (Chattopadhyay, 2009).
Provision approach to housing has failed to house Nigerians as Nigerians have been described as “houseless,” (NHP,1991). Nigeria became independent in 1960. It has a population of over 160million according to the 2006 Population and Housing Census (NPC, 2010), and growing at an annual rate of 3.2 percent, with more than five million children born annually.
The Federal Republic of Nigeria is blessed with abundant human and natural resources, prominent amongst which are abundant oil and gas resources, largely untapped solid minerals and huge agricultural resources.
Nigeria has great potentials to develop other untapped resources such as those in tourism and hydro and solar energy, and has great potentials for a robust housing market as well as benefits from housing in contributions to the society and economy in social, economic and physical developments as is in capital formation and the GDP.
However, Nigeria has failed to provide or deliver adequate, accessible and affordable housing for its citizens.
It has a huge housing deficit of about 17million units, 30% – 40% of total population is living in the urban areas, with an average household population of 5 – 6 persons, occupancy ratio of houses is 6 persons per room of 20m2 ; 60% are without adequate shelter (under-housed and/or no housing), 2 residential home ownership is about 68.5% (NPC, 2006). International benchmark is 75%.
These are some of the low points of the housing situation from the Housing 2006 Census.
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StudentsandScholarship Team.
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