– Cellular Mobile Radio Propagation Characteristics –
Download Cellular Mobile Radio Propagation Characteristics project materials: This project material is ready for students who are in need of it to aid their research.
ABSTRACT
This thesis is on the study of Cellular Mobile Radio Signal Propagation Characteristics. Measurements of received signal powers were taken when the measuring device was moving outwards from some selected Base Stations along the Propagation paths, in outdoor environments (rural and urban).
The variations of the signal in relation to distance away from the Base Stations were closely studied. The main propagation mechanisms of the radio signal such as direct propagation, reflection, and diffraction were considered.
Effects of these mechanisms such as path loss, multipath propagation, and shadowing were investigated. In order to study these effects, two site-specific scenarios were chosen.
The first scenario consisted of open/rural areas on some selected roads along which measurements were taken with a Cellular Mobile Network Analyser being moved away from the base stations.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title
Title Page i
Declaration ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Abstract vii
Table of Contents viii
List of Figures xii
List of Tables xiv
List of Abbreviations/Symbols xvii
CHAPTER ONE – GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem Definition 3
1.3 Thesis Objectives 3
1.4 Motivation 3
1.5 Scope of Work 4
1.6 Frequency Spectrum and Their Typical Uses 4
1.7 Frequency Bands of the DCMR Systems 4
1.8 Literature Review 6
1.9 Thesis Outline 7
CHAPTER TWO – THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 8
2.0 Introduction 8
2.1 Description of the DCMR System 8
2.1.1 Mobile Station 9
2.1.2 Base Station Subsystem 9
2.1.3 Network Subsystem 10
2.2 Call Routing 12
2.3 Choice of VHF and UHF Bands for DCMR Systems 14
2.4 Radio Link Properties 14
2.4.1 Free Space Propagation 15
2.4.2 Reflection 16
2.4.3 Diffraction 17
2.5 Radio and Propagation Channels 18
2.6 Signal Impairments 19
2.6.1 Path loss 19
2.6.2 Shadowing 19
2.6.3 Multipath Propagation 20
2.7 Propagation Models 20
2.7.1 Free-Space Path loss Model 21
2.7.2 Empirical Models 23
2.7.2.1 The Hata-Okumura Model 24
2.7.2.2 Walfisch-Ikegami Model 25
2.7.3 Deterministic Models 26
2.8 Uses of Propagation Models 28
CHAPTER THREE – METHODOLOGY 29
3.0 Introduction 29
3.1 Description of the Measurement Environments 29
3.1.1 First Scenario 29
3.1.2 Second Scenario 31
3.2 Experimental Set-up 33
3.2.1 First Scenario 33
3.2.2 Second Scenario 34
3.3 Prediction of Received Signal Power using Modified Two-Ray Model 35
3.4 Data bases used in the Second Scenario 37
3.4 Visibility Relations 37
3.5 Determination of the Ray Parameters 39
CHAPTER FOUR – ANALYSIS AND RESULTS 42
4.0 Introduction 42
4.1 Results obtained using the Free-Space Model 42
4.2 Results obtained using the Hata Model 43
4.3 Results obtained using the Walfisch/Ikegami Model 45
4.4 Analysis and Comparison of Measurement and Prediction Results 45
4.4.1 Scenario 1 45
4.4.2 Scenario 2 58
4.5 Differences between Measurement and Prediction Results for Scenario 1 and 2 61
4.6 Proposed Modification of Free-Space, Hata and the Modified Two-Ray Model 61
4.7 Discussion and Interpretation of Results 67
CHAPTER FIVE – CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 71
5.1 Introduction 71
5.2 Summary of Results 71
5.3 Significance of Results and Applications 72
5.4 Limitations, Problems Encountered and Solutions Proffered 73
5.5 Conclusions 74
5.6 Recommendations for Further Work 75
REFERENCES 76
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
In the past few decades, cellular radio communication systems have been witnessing extensive development, and cellular phones that were initially means of communications in defense quarters and services of dispatch nature are now being used for commercial purposes and are fast becoming more of status symbols.
Thus, the demands that a radio system must fulfill are greater by the day. The wind of development in the cellular communications systems blew across Nigeria about half a decade ago.
Since then the sector has been witnessing phenomenal changes and statements like “customers’ satisfaction”, “customers’ parliament”, and “unsatisfactory performance of cellular operators”, among others, are rife amidst subscribers of the cellular systems.
Knowing quite well that the satisfactory performance of the radio system depends, among others, on good radio link design, which is also affected by the propagation environments, interest is developed in studying the propagation characteristics of the cellular systems’ signal in some selected locations in Zaria.
REFERENCES
Mike Golio (editor): “The RF & Microwave Handbook”, CRC Press, London, 2001.
T.S Rappaport: “Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice”, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1996.
Ray Horak with Mark A. Miller: “Communication Systems and Networks (Voice, Data, and Broadband Technologies)”, Wiley Publishing Inc., Indianapolis, 2002.
Vijay K. Garg and Joseph E. Wilkes: “Principles and Applications of GSM”, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1999.
Nigerian Communications Commission: “Guidelines on Interconnection of Telecommunications Networks”, Retrieved from www.ncc.gov.ng on February 6, 2004
Okumura, Y., Ohmori, E. and Kawano, T.: “Field Strength and Its Variability in VHF and UHF Land Mobile Radio Services”, Review Electrical Communications Lab., No. 9-10, pp. 825-873, 1968.
Be the first to comment