Parenting Skills Needed by Young Parents in Enugu State.
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of the study was to investigate parenting skills needed by young parents in Enugu State for proper child up-bringing.
Specifically, it investigated feeding, health care, emotional, physical exercise, sleep/rest and safety skills needed by young parents in Enugu State. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The population comprised 625 young and older parents with 245 young and older parents as the sample size.
Questionnaire was used for data collection and it was face validated by three experts. Six research questions and four hypotheses guided the study. Mean and Standard Deviation were used in answering the research questions while t-test was used in testing the stated hypotheses.
The findings include among others feeding skills needed by young parents: sitting comfortably while breastfeeding the baby, feeding the baby on both breasts, one at a time, winding the baby at the end of feeding.
Giving exclusive breastfeeding for six months and boiling all the water used for preparation of baby’s food, providing adequate diet for the baby; washing hands before preparing baby’s food, sterilizing baby’s feeding unit after each meal, encouraging children to sit comfortably before eating, monitoring children while eating.
Toilet training skills: changing diapers/nappies as and out when due, detecting when the child is wet and uncomfortable, supervising the children when they are using potty/toilet, teaching older children how to clean their buttocks with toilet papers/water and making toilet areas easily accessible for children.
Emotional skills: comforting or cuddling a child, detecting when the child is wet an uncomfortable, providing the child with toys, helping the child to sleep through petting, socializing the child properly and responding promptly to a child’s desire to ease himself/herself.
Physical exercise: choosing, or providing play activities suitable for the child, selecting the play materials suitable for children, teaching children how to use the play materials and providing safe play ground for children.
Sleep/rest skills: rocking to make the child sleep off, being familiar with the baby’s signs of sleep and ensuring that the baby sleeps under mosquito net.
Safety skills: keeping floors safe from dangerous items, keeping drugs, cleaning agents and tools out of reach of the children, monitoring children in their everyday activity and keeping children’s surroundings clean.
The researcher generally recommended that young and older parents in Nigeria should imbibe the various parenting skills in other to bring up well balanced personalities in the society.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page ii
Approval page iii
Certification iv
Dedication v
Acknowledgements vi
Table of Contents vii
Abstract x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 6
Purpose of the Study 7
Significance of the Study 7
Research Questions 9
Hypotheses 9
Scope of the Study 10
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 11
Conceptual Framework 11
Concept of a Child 11
Concept of Parent/Parenting 13
Concept of Parenting Skills 17
Schematic Representation of Parenting Skills
Needed by Young Parents 47
Theoretical Framework 49
Psychosocial Theory 48
Psychosexual Theory 50
Ethological Theory 52
Review of Empirical Studies 53
Summary of Literature Review 58
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 60
Design of the Study 60
Area of the Study 60
Population of the Study 61
Sample and Sampling Techniques 61
Instrument for Data Collection 61
Validation of the Instrument 62
Reliability of the Instrument 62
Method of Data Collection 63
Method of Data Analysis 63
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND ANALYSES OF DATA
Research Questions 64
Major Findings 80
Discussion of Findings 84
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 90
Re-statement of the problem 90
Summary of the procedure used 90
Summary of the Findings 90
Conclusions 94
Recommendations 94
Suggestion for Further Studies 95
REFERENCES 96
INTRODUCTION
A child is a person who is not yet an adult. Rakesh, (2009) defines a child as a minor, or somebody who is yet to become an adult.
The African charter on the rights and welfare of a child (2013) defines a child as every human being below the age of 18 years.
A child in this study is therefore, a male or female human being between (0-5) years of age and who is provided his physical and emotional needs by his parents. This implies that child upbringing and rearing is the responsibility of the parents in the society.
Child rearing means rearing a child from infancy to adulthood and educating the child in societal morals and values (Berk, 2000). It involves guiding the child through his life to be a productive member of the society. It is caring for a child during the early stage of his life.
(Douglas, 2002), stated that what a child becomes has to do with his environment and the nature of training from his parents.
Child rearing is act of raising or bringing up a minor. It is an active molding of a child’s character, personality, talents, physical and emotional well being of the child in addition to providing the basic needs to the child.
In other words, what a child becomes in future is dependent to a large extent on the nature of the child’s upbringing by the parents.
REFERENCES
African Charter on the rights and welfare of the child. OAU Doc CAB/LEG/24.9/49/ (1990) @ 2013 African commission on human and people’s rights.
Ang, R.P. & Goh, Dion, H. (2006). Authoritarian parenting styles in Asian societies: A cluster-analytic investigation. Contemporary family therapy. An International Journal Educational Research. 28 (1) 132-151.
Anuna, E. (2005). Childcare practices of motherless babies home in Abia and Imo State. Unpublished M.Ed Thesis. Department of Vocational Teacher Education. University of Nigeria Nsukka.
Anyakoha, E.U. & Eluwa, M.A. (2008). Home management for schools and colleges. Onitsha: African Feb. Publishers Ltd.
Anyakoha, E.U. (2010). Home Economics for Junior Secondary Schools. Onitsha. Africana First.
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