Cost of Student’s Tertiary Education in Anambra State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The study: cost of students’ tertiary education in Anambra State, Nigeria was conducted todetermine the cost of students’ tertiary education in Anambra state. The methodology adopted for the study was a descriptive survey research design.
The target population for the study was 23,161 students from two universities and polytechnics in the state. The sample size for this study was 400 students from both private and public tertiary institutions in Anambra state. The sampling technique adopted for the study was multi-stage.
The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire designed titled “Cost of Students’ Tertiary Education Questionnaire (COSTEQ)”.
The instrument was subjected to test of internal consistency using Cronbach Alpha procedure to determine the internal consistency and a reliability coefficient of 0.77 was obtained.
Five research questions were stated to guide the study and were analysed using simple mean while T-test and Kruskal Wallis Test statistic were used to test the four null hypotheses stated to guide the study.
The findings revealed the following: the average cost of student’s tertiary education in Anambra State is N270, 309.675,the average cost of tertiary education according to gender is N230,341.908 for male students and N 300, 769.692 for female students in Anambra State.
The average cost of students’ tertiary education according to school type I is N335, 416.884 for University students and N236, 016.565 for Polytechnics students in Anambra State.
The average cost of students’ tertiary education according to school type II is N234, 765.057 for students attending public tertiary institution and N338, 544.964 for students attending private tertiary institution in Anambra State.
The average cost of students’ tertiary education according to year of study is as follows: First year N319, 482.929, Second Year N207, 268.413, Third year N250,873.333 and Fourth year N260,833.152 respectively.
However, the hypotheses test showed that: the mean cost of students’ tertiary education in Anambra state is significantly different to gender. The mean cost of students’ tertiary education in Anambra state is significantly different according to school type I (universities and polytechnics).
The mean cost of students’ tertiary education in Anambra state is significantly different according to school type II (public and private). The mean cost of students’ tertiary education in Anambra state is significantly different to students’ year of study.
With respect to the findings, the researcher recommended that the government of Anambra State should encourage students to obtain tertiary education by trying to support them with funds. The government and the civil society organizations should come together to look into the cost of university and polytechnic education.
The government should try her best to discuss with the private tertiary institution to curtail their charges as this would help to reduce the stress parents and students pass through to afford the cost of tertiary Education.
Finally, the government should also look at the cost of tuition and other charges incurred by first year students because it is very high compared to what other levels of undergraduate incur.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page i
Approval page ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgements v
Table of contents vi
List of tables ix
Abstract x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background of the study 1
Statement of the problem 16
Purpose of the study 16
Significance of the study 17
Scope of the study 18
Research questions 18
Research hypotheses 18
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
Conceptual framework 21
Concept of education 21
Concept of cost 22
Concept of students 32
Concept of gender 32
Concept of tertiary education 34
Theoretical framework 40
Willam Baumol Cost disease theory 40
Haward Bowen Revenue theory of cost 43
Review of empirical studies 45
Studies on cost 45
Studies on gender 56
Summary of Literature Reviewed 58
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD
Design of the study 60
Area of the study 60
Population of the study 61
Sample and sampling technique 61
Instrument for data collection 62
Validation of the instrument 63
Reliability of the instrument 63
Method of data collection 63
Method of data analysis 63
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION OF RESULTS 65
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION, RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUMMARY
Discussion of Findings 72
Conclusion 77
Recommendations 77
Limitation of the Study 79
Suggestions for Further Study 80
Summary of the Study 80
References 83
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The world today is changing for better and opportunities made available to human beings or people are on the increase. The opportunities of life, development of a nation’s economy and every other thing did not just come to light without the knowledge acquired from effort put into education.
The knowledge acquired from education by people has been seen as an empowerment to them. In the same vein, it has made the citizen of a nation to become civilized, and understand the social and cultural environment and to compete for survival.
Despite the good things education could give and bring, it acquisition is not easy as a result of its cost. Many people today have become aware that education is the key and they are struggling to meet up with cost of it in order not to miss opportunities that may come in the future.
This implies that education is an effective tool for everybody in this globalized and developing world we live in today.
Education, according to Fafunwa (2002) is all effort, conscious and direct, incidental and indirect, made by a given society to accomplish certain objectives that are considered desirable in terms of the individual’s own needs as well as the needs of the society where that education is based.
REFERENCES
Abubaka M.S. (2009) Leadership higher Education and the Challenges of Development in Nigeria. Fifth Annual Lecture of the School of Post-Graduate Students, University of Lagos. European Journal of Humanities and Social sciences.
Adedeji, S.O.& R.O. Bamidele (2003).Economic Impact of Tertiary Education on Humans Capital Development in Nigeria, in NES (ed.) Human Resource Development in Africa. Selected papers for the 2002 Annual Conference. Published by the Nigeria Economic Society (NES).
Adewole, I. (2011). Varsity operation with trader mentality will not survive. Sunday Punch, March20th. 53.
Agboola B.M and Adeyemi J.K (2012) Analysis of Private cost of Education in Selected Nigerian University. 10(13) 1596-8308Retrieved from http: //www.transcampus.org./journals.
Ajaji, A.I. and Afolabi F.O. (2009).The Role of Tertiary education in National Development. The Nigerian Scenario. Journal of teacher education 10(1).
Ajoku, I. L. (2006).Foundations of educational research and statistics. Port Harcourt, Nigeria: Pearl publishers.
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