Appraisal of The Compliance Level To Environmental Management Plan By Filling Stations In Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is the strategy an organization is taking to determine how it affects the environment, complies with regulations, keeps track of environmental management activities and meets environmental goals and targets.
It also documents key elements of environmental management including the environmental policy, responsibilities, applicable standard operating procedures and Best Management Practices (BMP), record keeping, reports, communication, training, monitoring and corrective action.
The compliance of filling stations with the EMP is therefore of optimum importance. This study appraises the compliance level to EMP by petrol filling stations in Kaduna metropolis.
For this study, data was obtained from published documents, questionnaire administered to the managers of the filling stations and observation using checklist.
Three categories of filling stations sampled include, major marketers, independent marketers and NNPC managed stations.
Stratified sampling was used in selecting the filling stations for this study; purposive sampling was used to select respondents.
Findings reveal that 80% of the filling stations do not have an EMP. The level of compliance to EMP is higher in the major marketers than in NNPC and independent marketers respectively.
The Kruskal-wallis analysis of variance shows statistically, significant differences in the level of compliance between the three categories of filling stations in the study area.
This has been proven statistically, where the result shows significant difference in the level of compliance between the 3 categories of filling stations in Kaduna.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Declaration ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Table of Contents vii
List of Figures xi
List of Plates xii
List of Tables xiii
List of Appendices xiv
Abstract xv
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study 1
Statement of the Research Problem 4
Aim and Objectives 6
Hypotheses 7
Scope of the Study 7
Significance of the Study 7
Justification for the study 8
CHAPTER TWO: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Conceptual Framework 10
Filling stations 11
Environmental Management Plan 11
Evolution of EMP 12
Legal basis of EMP 14
Context of EMP 14
Objectives of EMP 17
Scope of EMP 17
Environmental policy 18
Implementation of the EMP 18
Monitoring and auditing 21
Review of Related Literature 21
Theoretical Framework of EMP 28
Innovative and Cost-Effective Approaches to EMP 30
Links between government compliance monitoring and self-monitoring by businesses and filling stations 30
Personal liability for non-compliance 32
The Role of the Public, the Courts and Market Forces in Compliance 32
Benefits of Compliance and Enforcement 33
Factors Affecting the Implementation of EMP 33
Problems Associated with the Operation of Filling Stations 35
Laws and Regulations Relating to the Operation of Filling Stations in Kaduna 35
CHAPTER THREE: THE STUDY AREA AND METHODOLOGY
The Study Area 45
Location and size 45
Geology and relief 47
Climate 47
Soil and vegetation 48
Population 48
Commerce and industry 49
Major oil marketers 50
Independent marketers 50
NNPC retail outlets 50
Research methodology 51
Reconnaissance survey 51
Types of data collected 51
Sources of data 52
Primary sources of data 52
Secondary sources of data 52
Sample size and techniques 52
Sampling Design 52
Method of data analysis 53
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Extent of Compliance: Housekeeping Practice 55
Types of Waste Generated in the Filling Stations 55
Method of Solid Waste Treatment/Disposal 56
Effluent Generation at the Lube Bay or During Tank Cleaning 57
4.1.3 Spillage Cases in the Filling Stations 59
Cleaning Spill during Offloading and Unloading 61
Leakage Cases from the Filling Stations 63
Method of Detecting Leakage in the Filling Stations 65
Hazard Communication Channels 66
Analysis of the Compliance Level among the Three Categories of Filling Stations 68
Checklist for the Compliance to EMP by Filling Stations 68
Hypotheses 69
Potentials of EMP in the Management of the Environment in the Vicinity of the Filling Stations 70
Quality of EMP in environmental management 71
Level of implementation of the EMP in the filling stations 72
Assessment of the potentials of the EMP in reducing leakages 73
Assessment of the potentials of the EMP to reduce spillages 74
Assessment of the effluent management measures in reducing environmental impact 76
Assessment of the potentials of EMP in fire hazard control 77
Assessment of potential of the EMP in general housekeeping 78
Constraining Factors to Implementation of EMP in Kaduna 79
Availability of EMP in the filling stations 79
Availability of unit that ensures implementation of mitigation measures 80
Training programmes for workers 81
Recording of reports, injuries, accidents, diseases and dangerous occurrences 82
Current fire service certificate in the filling station 83
Regularity of service line check for leak detection 85
Bottom Plate of every tank being equipped with cathodic protection device 86
4.4.7 Availability of DPR inspection log book in the filling stations 87
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of the Findings 88
Conclusion 89
Recommendations 90
REFERENCES 94
REFERENCES
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