Family health
(a) Meaning
(b) Different aspects of family health:
Matenal and child health
(c) Family size and budgeting
4. Ageing and death education
(a) Definition and features of the elderly.
(b) Ways of relating with the elderly.
(c) Meaning of grief and death.
(d) Common causes of death.
5. Epidemiology and vital statistics
(a) Definitions
(b) Components of vital statistics
(i) Birth rate
(ii) Mortality rate
(iii) Morbidity rate
(c) Uses of the major components of vital statistics.
E. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
1. Housing.
(a) Criteria for good housing to include siting, ventilation, lighting and sanitation.
(b) Components of a standard house.
2. Water supply
(a) Definition and sources
(b) Purification and uses.
3. Waste disposal
(a) Meaning
(b) Types:
(i) refuse;
(ii) Sewage.
(c) Methods
4. Pollution
(a) Meaning
(b) Types: air, water, soil and noise.
Antenatal care, immunization, oral rehydration therapy (ORT), breast feeding and safe motherhood should be discussed.
Candidates should be able to define epidemiology, vital statistics and population dynamics.
The importance and use of health records should be stressed.
Effects of poor sanitation and pest infestation in home should be discussed.
Effects of substandard housing on health should be discussed.
Sources should include rain, borehole, rivers, streams, springs, well pond, pipe borne water
Advantages and disadvantages of each method should be discussed.
(c) Meaning and sources of pollutants.
(d) Health consequences of pollution.
(C) Industrial occupation
(a) Meaning
(b) Programmes: Industrial health services
(c) Occupation hazard
(D) Pests and vectors control
(a) Meaning
(b) Habitats of pests and vectors
(c) Harmful effects and control.
F. NUTRITION AND FOOD NUTRIENTS
Nutrition
(i) Classes, sources and functions of food
nutrients.
(ii) Caloric value of food nutrients
2. Balanced/adequate diets
(a) Definition
(b) Classification
(c) Nutritional problems
3. Factors influencing feeding habits/choice of foods
4. Water
5. Nutritional processes: ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and metabolism and defecation/ejection.
6. Beverages
(a) Definition
(b) Types and effects
7. Diet for different group of people: children, male adolescent; female adolescent; athletes; pregnant woman; adult and aged.
| NOTES Food handling; cleanliness of cooking utensils and surroundings should be discussed. Effects of poor food handling should be stressed. Effects of washing, boiling, frying, baking and roasting should be discussed. The processes, advantages and disadvantages of each method should be discussed. Qualities of First Aider should be stressed. Both standard and improvised kit should be discussed in relation to their uses. The causes and characteristics of each condition should be discussed. Respective care where applicable should be demonstrated. Agencies involved in First Aid should be discussed. Mention should include Red Cross Society, Blue Crescent Society, Girls Guide, Boys Scout and Sheriff Guards, Saint John ambulance. (Local, national and international agencies should be discussed) Relief measures should be discussed. (1) Types of accidents in relation to location e.g home, road, schools, industries etc. should be discussed. (2) Safety principles and measures of various types of accidents should be discussed |
CONTENTS
8. Food hygiene, preservation and storage
(a) Meaning and Principles of food hygiene
(b) Effects of methods of food preparation on nutrients.
(c) Methods of food preservation:
Smoking/drying/dehydration,
Freezing/refrigeration, addition of chemicals/sugar salts,
Bottling/pickling/canning.
G. SAFETY EDUCATION AND FIRST AID
1. First Aid
(a) Meaning/aims and principles of first aid
(b) First aid kit
(c) Specific emergency conditions cuts;
Wounds; bleeding dislocation; fractures; burns; scalds; shocks; asphysia/suffocation; poisoning.
(d) Agencies providing First Aid Services.
(e) Disaster
(i) Meaning and types
(ii) Disaster relief activities
(f) Accident
(i) Types and causes
(ii) Prevention
(g) Disability and rehabilitation
(i) Meaning
(ii) Types and prevention.
| NOTES Mention should include drug abuse, drug dependence, drug misuse, drug addiction, self medication, alcoholism, rehabilitation This should include oral, injection, inhalation, topical and anal. Prevention of drug abuse should be highlighted. Reasons for smoking and the methods of controlling smoking should be discussed. Reasons for drinking alcohol and methods of controlling drinking should be discussed. Differences in the classes of diseases should be emphasized. Meaning of the terms: endemic; epidemic and pandemic in relation to communicable diseases should be explained. Each disease should be discussed under the following headings: (1) Causative agent; (2) Mode of transmission; (3) Signs and symptoms; (4) Prevention and control. |
CONTENTS
H. DRUG, ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO EDUCATION
1. Drug Education
(a) Terminologies in drug education
(b) Classes of drugs commonly abused.
(c) Ways of taking drugs into the body
(d) Drug abuse and consequences of self medication.
2. Behaviour altering chemicals
(a) Tobacco
(i) Components
(ii) Effects of smoking on health.
(b) Alcohol on health
Effects of alcohol on health.
(c) Drugs
Effects of drug on health
I. COMMUNICABLE AND NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
1. Diseases
Meaning and classes of diseases.
2. Communicable diseases
(a) Definition
(b) Classification of communicable diseases.
| NOTES The life cycle of the pathogen of each disease should be discussed. The life cycle of each worm should be discussed with the aid of a chart. Bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa and worms should be mentioned as causative agents. Reference should be made to immunization sterilization and isolation. Each disease should be discussed under the following headings: (i) Causes; (ii) Symptoms; (iii) Prevention/control. |
| NOTES Secondary sexual characteristics in boys and girls should be discussed. Candidates should observe/study the parts of the reproductive organs in a mammal. Menstrual cycle, sex determination, ante-natal care should be discussed. Causes of infertility should be discussed. Artificial insemination and text tube babies should be explained. Meaning of sexuality, sexuality education, sexual reproductive health rights, gender and equality should be discussed. Difference between assertive and communication skills as applicable to sexuality should be discussed. Characteristics of a happy family and the roles of each member should be discussed. Factors influencing family life should be emphasized. Reference should be made to monogamous, polygamous, single parent, nuclear and extended family. Challenges facing family life should be discussed. Social and emotional causes should be discussed. This should include school, community, religious group, NGOs, social welfare. Types of birth control methods. The relative reliability, advantages and disadvantages of each method should be discussed. |
CONTENTS
J. FAMILY LIFE AND HUMAN SEXUALITY EDUCATION
1. Human Reproduction
(a) Definition of terms: Reproduction; sex gametes; ovulation; menstruation; fertilization; pregnancy and gestation.
(b) Structures and functions of male and female reproductive organs.
(c) Conception, pregnancy, foetal development and child birth
(d) Diseases disorders of the reproductive system
2. Human Sexuality Education
(a) Meaning and importance
Life skills (Assertive Negotiation and communication skills)
3. Family and family member roles.
(a) The family – Meaning and types
(b) Family size
4. Family life challenges: widowhood; single parenthood, pre-marital and extra-marital affairs, in-laws etc.
(a) Agencies promoting healthy family living
5. Family planning and safe motherhood.
(a) Meaning and need for family planning
The need for health care and rehabilitation should be discussed.
The need for health insurance schemes should be stressed.
Students should be able to identify to differentiate between pests and vectors.
Tests for starch, simple and complex sugars, proteins and fats should be carried out.
Local example of sources of food nutrients should be mentioned.
Caloric needs in relations to age, occupation and health condition should be discussed.
Food deficiency diseases should be emphasized.
Factors responsible for unbalanced diet and effects associated with poor diet should be discussed.
Factors should include: availability, religion education, age, belief, health condition and cost
The role of water in relation to nutrition should be discussed.
Negative and positive effects should be stressed. Nutritional value of non-alcoholic beverages should be stressed.
Charts should be used to show diets for the different groups of people.
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