ABSTRACT
The study examined the state of health and safety risk practices in the building sector of the industry and has the objectives to: evaluate the construction risks inherent in the sector of the construction industry.
Examine the health and risk management processes adopted by the construction in Nigeria; validate the existence of identified factor(s) militating against the implementation of health and safety practices in the construction industry in Nigeria;
and investigate if there are established frameworks for effective health and safety risk management in the construction industry of Nigeria.
The study adopted the survey and case study research design. It employed the use of Delphi’s technique in the distribution of questionnaire and made use of chi-square analytical technique for the analysis of gathered data.
The findings revealed that: most of the parties involved in construction projects do not have any significant health and safety risk management process in place.
The identified factors militating against the implementation of health and safety risk management practices are still valid; there is no existing established framework for effective regulation of health and safety risk management practices. Various improvement strategies have been suggested.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
Title page i
Declaration ii
Approval iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgements v
Abstract vi
List of Tables x
List of Figures xii
List of Appendices xiii
Chapters
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.0 Background of the Study 1
1.1 Statement of the Problem 4
1.2 Aims and Objective 5
1.3 Research Questions 5
1.4 Research Hypotheses 6
1.5 Scope of the study 6
1.6 Significance of the study 6
2 LITERATURE REVIEW 8
2.0 Introduction 8
2.1 Concept of risk 8
2.1.1 Risk in construction industry 10
2.2 Risk Management 12
2.2.1 Risk Management in construction industry 13
2.2.2 Risk management processes 15
2.2.2.1 Risk identification 15
2.2.2.1.1 Risk checklist and matrix 15
2.2.2.1.2 Brainstorming 18
2.2.2.1.3 Risk breakdown structure (RBS) 18
2.2.2.2 Risk assessment 22
2.2.2.2.1 Quantitative risk Assessment 24
2.2.2.2.1.1 Simulation method 25
2.2.2.2.1.2 Modeling Technique-sensitivity analysis 25
2.2.2.2.1.3 Diagramming Technique 26
2.2.2.2.2 Qualitative Analysis 26
2.2.2.2.2.1 Risk probability and impact assessment 26
2.2.2.2.2.2 Probability/impact risk rating matrix 27
2.2.2.2.2.3 Risk data quality assessment 28
2.2.2.2.2.4 Risk urgency assessment 29
2.2.2.2.2.5 Risk categorization assessment 29
2.2.2.3 Risk Response 29
2.2.2.3.1 Risk retention/ acceptance 30
2.2.2.3.2 Risk reduction/mitigation 30
2.2.2.3.3 Risk Transfer 30
2.2.2.3.4 Risk Avoidance 31
2.2.2.3.5 Risk Control 31
2.2.3 Advantages of risk management 32
2.3 Overview of the construction industry 33
2.3.1 Role of the construction industry in the developed countries 34
2.3.2 Role of the construction industry in the developing countries (Nigerian) 36
2.4 Health and safety 38
2.4.1 Background of health and safety: Global perspective 39
2.4.2 Health and safety: Nigerian perspective 40
2.4.3 Overview of health and safety practices in construction industries 42
2.4.4 Health and safety responsibility 45
2.4.5 Factors Militating against health and safety practices in Nigerian construction industry 49
2.4.6 Employee assistance programs (EAPs) in Nigerian construction industry 53
2.4.7 Frameworks for successful Health and safety management in construction industries. 55
2.5 Summary 58
3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 59
3.0 Introduction 59
3.1 Research design 59
3.2 Delphi’s technique 60
3.3 Research study area 62
3.4 Data collection 63
3.5 Technique for analysis 64
3.6 Limitations 64
4 PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA 66
4.1 Data gathering 66
4.2 Data presentation 68
4.3 Analysis of data 70
4.3.1 Test of hypotheses 71
4.3.1.1 Test of hypothesis 1 71
4.3.1.2 Test of hypothesis 2 74
4.3.1.3 Test of hypothesis 3 76
5 DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 78
5.1 Summary and discussion of research findings 78
5.2 Conclusion 80
5.3 Recommendation 80
5.4 Suggestion(s) for further research 81
5.5 Contribution to knowledge 81
References 83
Appendices 93
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The relevance of the construction industry in a nation’s economy cannot be over emphasized as the development and growth of such nation is inclusively dependent on the performance of the industry, (Okeola, 2009).
This performance is visible in areas such as the construction of roads, bridges, skyscrapers, dams, and buildings (Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (OSHA) 2007).
National Construction Council (NCC) (2004-2005) defined the construction industry as a complex fundamental sector of the economy such that it permeates most of the other sectors in transforming various resources into physical economic and social infrastructure necessary for economic development.
It embraces the process by which the physical infrastructure are planned, designed, procured, constructed or produced, altered, repaired, maintained, and demolished.
A number of studies have focused on the issue of employment creation by the in
dustry and others have emphasized on its multiplier effect as it relates other sectors of the economy.
Wibowo (2009) defined the multiplier effect as one that demonstrates the impact of a change in investment on the levels of income and employment in an economy. The main concept of the multiplier is based on the recognition that the various sectors that make up the economy are interdependent.
The role of construction infrastructure in the process of development has gained a new stimulus in that construction activities are considered to be one of the major sources of economic growth, development and economic activities (Ehsan, Alam, Mirza & Ishaque, 2010).
They also noted that construction and engineering services industry play an important role in the economic uplift and development of the country. It can be regarded as a mechanism of generating employment and offering job opportunities to millions of unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled work force.
It also plays a key role in generating income in both formal and informal sector. It supplements the foreign exchange earnings derived from trade in construction material and engineering services.
REFERENCES
Achalu E. I. (2000). Occupational Health and Safety. Lagos: Simarch Nigeria Ltd Splendid Publishers.
Adeak (2010). Risk Response Strategies. http://www.adeak.com/2010/03/what-are-risk- response-strategies/:
Adelekan I. (2012). Private Sector Investment Decisions in Building and Construction: Increasing, Managing and Transferring Risks: Case study of Lagos, Nigeria. Background Paper prepared for the Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction 2013. Department of Geography, University of Ibadan Ibadan, Nigeria.
Adeniyi J. A. (2001). Occupational health: A fundamental approach Haytee Organization. 46(5).
Adeogun B. K., & Okafor C.C. (2013). Occupational Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) trend in Nigeria. Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering; Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]
Adukia, R. (2006). Risk reduction in construction industry. From Project monitor (2013) www.projectmonitor.com
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