Abstract
The uses FMC and AKTH as a case study in order to assess the , practices and attitudes of handlers on biomedical waste .
The study investigates the major problems associated with management and handling practices and the possible solutions to tackle those .
Based on the findings from this study, recommendations will be proposed to the hospitals on ways to improve the system of biomedical waste management and handling.
A total of 12 individuals from a private company named Gaby-cord limited were involved in the survey at FMC, sample size was chosen based on the idea of saturation.
Questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and direct observation were used to gather all the data required for the study at FMC.
On the other hand, semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and hospital records were used to acquire information at Aminu Kano teaching hospital (AKTH), Kano.
A total of three individuals were involved in the survey including the head of the department, data collection was carried out at AKTH.
Table Of Contents
Title page………………….i
Certification………………. ii
Readers’ approval……….. iii
Dedication…………………….iv
Acknowledgement………..v
Abstract………………………vi
Table of contents…………..vii
List of table…………………. ix-x
List of abbreviations………. x
- Introduction………………. 1
- Statement of problem…….2
- Aim/Objectives…………… 2
- Hypothesis…………………3
- Study Area………………. 3
- Literature Review……………5
- What is biomedical waste?………….. 5
- Classification of Biomedical waste……..5
- Categories of Biomedical waste………….. 8
- Sources of Biomedical waste in Yola/Nigeria……10
- Biomedical waste management…………. 11
- Standard for biomedical waste management system... 11
- Need for biomedical waste management………… 14
- Impacts of poorly managed biomedical waste…... 14
- Problems faced by healthcare centers in Nigeria……… 17
- Materials and Methods……………….21
- Federal Medical center………………..21
- Research strategy……………..21
- Questionnaire administration…………21
- Semi structured interviews……..…22
- Direct observation……………. 22
- Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital…………. 22
- Research strategy……….22
- Semi structured interviews……… 23
- Direct observation……….. 23
- Analysis and Results…………………. 24
- Federal Medical center (FMC)………….24
- Observation outside wards (FMC)……… 25
- Qualitative data from interview………… 34
- Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH)……………36
- Data from interview/ hospital records………….. 37
- Discussion…………………. 44
- Problems encountered during survey……………. 44
- Findings from FMC, Yola……………… 45
- Findings from AKTH, Kano………….48
- Comparison of BMWM practice at AKTH and FMC………….. 51
6.0 Conclusion and recommendations………….. 52
References…………………..54
Appendix…………….. 57
Introduction
Background Of Study
Healthcare Waste, also referred to as Biomedical Waste (BMW) is rated to be the second most hazardous form of waste after radioactive waste.
People with diverse form of infections visit the hospital for treatment; this involves the use of medical equipment which is regarded as BMW after use.
A reasonable number of hospitals especially in underdeveloped countries fail to manage BMW properly therefore putting lives at risk.
Considering the fact that this category of waste is generated in medical facilities, its threats can go beyond the facility premises and affect other people and organisms.
It has been noted that an estimated sixteen million injections are administered globally in a year, but not all of the needles and syringes are properly disposed of afterwards (WHO, 2011).
Improper management of BMW further promotes higher occurrence and prevalence of diseases both within and outside the medical facility.
Poor management of BMW has become more prominent especially in the northern part of Nigeria due to the insufficient attention given to the issue.
In most Nigerian hospitals, waste handlers are employed without considering their level of knowledge and certification (Longe, 2006).
Within healthcare centers waste segregation can be said to be a major drawback, infectious wastes are usually mixed up in the same containers with non-infectious waste; thereby increasing the quantity of infectious waste (Sanusi, 2014).
References
Biomedical waste management and handling rules. (1998). Retrieved 11 21, 2014, from http://www.medindia.net/indian_health_act/bio-medical-waste-rules- 1998-introduction.htm
Biomedical waste management, Segregation. (n.d.). Retrieved from Biomedical waste management: http://www.envirovigil- bmwm.com/Management/Segregation.html
designing the biohazard sign. (2008, january 28). Retrieved from creative bits: http://creativebits.org/designing_the_biohazard_sign
Dix, H. (2005). Environmental Pollution . Wiley Interscience .
Ekaete, T. (2010). Assessment of healthcare waste management pracices in primary health care facilities in a lassa fever endemic local government area of Edo state, Nigeria. Edo state: Thopson F.
Environmental Health Watch. (2008, July 5). Retrieved October 20, 2014, from http://tsaftarmuhalli.blogspot.com/2011/07/national-environmental- sanitation.html
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