An Assessment of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (Pmtct) Of Hiv/Aids in Enugu Hospitals
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ABSTRACT
Pregnant women living with HIV are at high risk of transmitting HIV to their infants during pregnancy, birth or through breastfeeding and without any interventions, between 20% and 45% of infants may become infected with an estimated risk of 5- 10% during pregnancy, 10-20% during labour and delivery, and 5-20% through breastfeeding.
Objective: This study assessed the prevention of mother to child transmission PMTCT programmes in Enugu hospitals.
Method: This was a cross-sectional survey study involving 129 participants comprising 32 PMTCT workers and 97 HIV/AIDS pregnant and breast feeding mothers were sampled using purposive sampling technique from 4 hospitals within Enugu urban.
Data was collected using a pretested questionnaire PMTCT Assessment Questionnaire. Analysis was done with SPSS and test of significance done with chi-square and one-way Anova at p value of <.05 level of significance.
Results: Results showed that PMTCT services such as antiretroviral therapy and caesarean sections were available in 62.5% of the facility each; HIV testing and voluntary counselling were 100% available, whereas safer infant feeding counselling (81.8%) was mostly available in hospitals in Enugu urban.
Qualified PMTCT service providers (Counsellors, Doctors, Lab. Technicians, Midwives, Nurses, Pharmacists, Programme Manager,) were highly available in hospitals in Enugu urban with means above 4.00,
With only Health Educators and Social Workers being slightly and not available with means below 4.00. PMTCT materials such as (HIV test Kits, Reagents, CD4 Count Machine and centrifuges with means above 4.00
INTRODUCTION
Over 78 million people have been infected with HIV since the start of the epidemic in the early 1980s. [1] In 2012, AIDS-related illnesses were the 6th leading cause of death worldwide. [2]
HIV statistics for the end of 2013 indicate that around 35 million people are currently living with HIV worldwide, 38 percent less than in 2001. [3] In the same year, around 2.1 million people became infected with HIV and 1.5 million died of AIDS-related illnesses.
HIV and AIDS are found in all parts of the world; however some areas are more affected than others.
Globally, at the end of 2011, 34.0 million (31.4 million-35.9 million) people were living with HIV, including 3.4 million (3,000,000-3,800,000) children less than 15 years of age. [4]
In that same year, 330,000 {280,000-390,000] children acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. [5] This represents a 43% decline since 2003 and a 24% drop since 2009. [5]
In 2010, about 250,000 (220,000-290,000) children, aged less than 15 years, died from acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome (AIDS) related causes. [4]
Sub-Saharan Africa continues to bear the burden of the HIV pandemic, with Nigeria as one of the countries with the highest burdens of paediatric AIDS. [5] In 2011, Nigeria had an estimated 440,000 children, less than 15 years, living with HIV. [5]
So, the emergence of the Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) infection has increased the already heavy burden of disease and death among women and children in low and middle-income countries. [6]
REFERENCES
World AIDS Day 2014 Report – Fact Sheet’; 2014. – available at: http://www.avert.org/global-hiv-aids-epidemic.htm#sthash.Zl38gqtA.dpuf. Retrieved 13/4/2015.
World Health Organisation (WHO). ‘ The top 10 causes of death’; 2014. – available at: http://www.avert.org/global-hiv-aids-epidemic.htm#sthash.Zl38gqtA.dpuf. Retrieved 11/2/2015.
‘Fast-Track – Ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030; 2014. available at: http://www.avert.org/global-hiv-aids-epidemic.htm#sthash.SniwyKHy.dpuf. Retrieved 12/4/2015.
Global AIDS Response Progress Reporting. Geneva; 2011. Available at http://www.avert.org/global-fund-hiv-aids-response.htm#sthash.SniwyKHy.dpuf. Retrieved 11/2/2015.
World Health Organization (WHO), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Towards Universal Access: Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector. Progress Report; 2011.
Attawell K. Scaling up Prevention of Mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Teddington: Tear fund 2008.
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