Appraisal of The Impediments To Inheritance Under Islamic Law

Appraisal of The Impediments To Inheritance Under Islamic Law.

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

There are some obstacles and impediments which prevent an inheritor to benefit from the assets left by his/her deceased relation.

Broadly, there are four cases consisting of the obstacles, bar or impediment to inheritance, they include Homicide (Qatl), difference of religion, Apostasy (Riddah), and Slavery. Some jurists, however, includes difference of domicile as an impediment to inheritance.

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Each one of them functions independently from another and bars the beneficiary from materializing his right of inheritance².

There are divergent views from different schools of Islamic Jurisprudence over the concept or rather what constitute impediments to inheritance under Islamic Law, despite the fact that some of these impediments are clearly contained in the primary sources as explained by the Prophet (S.A.W).

Impediments to inheritance are the personal acts or attributes of a person which disqualifies him from succession who would otherwise be an entitled heir on grounds of blood or marital relationship with the praepositus.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE……………………………………………………………………..0

Declaration………………………………………………………………………. i

Certification……………………………………………………………………. ii

Dedication……………………………………………………………………… iii

Acknowledgement………………………………………………………….. iv

List of Cases……………………………………………………………………. v

Table of Statutes…………………………………………………………….. vi

Abbreviations……………………………………………………………….. vii

Table of Contents…………………………………………………………. viii

CHAPTER ONE

AN ANALYSIS OF  IMPEDIMENTS TO  INHERITANCE  UNDER ISLAMIC LAW

• General background………………………………………………… 1
• Statement of problems…………………………………………….. 2
• Aims and objectives…………………………………………………  3
• Justification……………………………………………………………..4
• Scope and limitation………………………………………………..  5
• Research methodology…………………………………………….. 5
• Literature review…………………………………………………….. 5
• Organizational layout……………………………………………..  13

CHAPTER TWO

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC LAW OR INHERITANCE

• Introduction………………………………………………………….                                                                          14
• Inheritance under the Jewish law……………………………………………………………………….                    17
• Inheritance under the Hebrew/Christian law………………………………………………………………………
• Inheritance among the Hindus………………………………………………………………….                                23
• Inheritance under the African Customs with Particular Reference to Yorubas and Igbos………..  24
• Inheritance under the pre-Islamic Arabia………………………………………………………………….             31
• Inheritance During the Early Period of Islam……………………………………………………………………..  36
• The Revelation of Verses on Inheritance……………………………………………………………                       41

CHAPTER THREE

GROUNDS AND CONDITIONS OF INHERITANCE UNDER ISLAMIC LAW

• Introduction…………………………………………………………..            49
• Grounds of inheritance……………………………………………………. 49
  • Blood relationship (Nasb)……………………………………….  50
  • Marriage (Nikah)…………………………………………………….51
  • Clientage (Wala)……………………………………………………. 56
  • Muslim Treasury (Baital Mal)…………………………………..57

• Essentials of inheritance………………………………………….          57
  • Deceased person (al- mayyit)…………………………………..57
  • Estate (Tarikah)……………………………………………………. 60
  • The Burial Expenses……………………………………………….63
  • Payment of debt……………………………………………………..71

3.2..5 Satisfaction of wills………………………………………………..          72

• Heirs (Warithun)……………………………………………………………71
• Ashabul Fara’id (fixed sharers)……………………………….           74
• Asabah (0residuary heirs)……………………………………….          79
• Guidance on the administration of the deceased estate…….. 84
• Wills (wasiyyah)……………………………………………………..         85

CHAPTER FOUR

IMPEDIMENTS TO INHERITANCE UNDER ISLAMIC LAW

• Introduction……………………………………………………………… 87
• Types of impediments……………………………………………….. 89
• Homicide (Qatl)……………………………………………………..     89
• Difference of religion……………………………………………….    95
• Apostasy (Riddah)………………………………………………….     98
• Slavery………………………………………………………………..       100
• Difference of Domicile…………………………………………        103
• Marriage by a Dying Person…………………………………        104
• Illegitimacy and Li’an Couples……………………………..        106
• Conclusion……………………………………………………………… 108

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, OBSERVATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION

• Summary………………………………………………………………………………………………109
• Observations………………………………………………………………………………………..  111
• Recommendations………………………………………………………………………………… 115
• Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………  117

Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………………………            119

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REFERENCES

Abdallah, Y. A.  The Glorious Qur’an Translation and Commentary, Daresl Fikr, Beirut, Lebanon, 1938.
Abdallah, Y. A. The Holy Qur’an Text, Translation and Commentary, Daral Arabia, Beirut, Lebanon, 1968.
Abdul, H. A.  Al-Muqaddimaful Iddiyyah (Arabia Text), at-Taucheed Publishing Company, Akoka Lagos.
Abu, M.  Al-Risalah (Arabic Version), Kano, Nigeria.
Akinrimisi, B.  Women’s Inheritance Rights, the Nigerian Situation and Opinion available at all levels, Shelter rights initiative.
Coulson, N. J. Succession in the Muslim Family, Cambridge University Press, Great Britain, 1971.

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