– Assessment of Bacteria Found in the American University of Nigeria (Aun) Facilities and Potential Health Impacts –
Download Assessment of Bacteria Found in the American University of Nigeria (Aun) Facilities and Potential Health Impacts project materials: This project material is ready for students who are in need of it to aid their research.
ABSTRACT
Globally, human health is under threat due to the presence of diseases caused by microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses. Bacteria are found on almost all surfaces with which people come into contact and therefore pose a threat to human health.
Antimicrobial resistance is a major health concern as these microorganisms can cause untreatable diseases. I tested the surfaces found in three buildings on the campus of the American University of Nigeria in Yola, Adamawa State, for the presence of harmful bacteria.
Swabs collected were streaked on lysogeny broth agar to determine if bacteria were present. Selective and differential media were used to identify the type of bacteria found. Also, the samples were subjected to an antimicrobial susceptibility test using replica plating. The result showed the surfaces were contaminated with Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis, with E. coli and E. aerogenes being resistant to ampicillin.
This study showed that AUN is not only contaminated with pathogens, but also with bacteria resistant to ampicillin. The institution should provide hand sanitizers around campus and also create awareness vii programs on the importance of hand washing. Also, the efficiency of cleaning can be increased by making use of stronger agents and increasing the frequency of cleaning.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CERTIFICATION…………………………………………………………………………………………. ii
READERS’APPROVAL………………………………………………………………………………. iii
DEDICATION ………………………………………………………………………………………………iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ………………………………………………………………………………. v
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………………………. vi
LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………………………. ix
LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………………………………… x
CHAPTER 1 …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
Antibiotic resistance……………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
Resistance in bacteria …………………………………………………………………………………….. 3
Increasing health risks due to microorganisms………………………………………………….. 4
Public places and bacteria………………………………………………………………………………. 5
Bacteria in universities …………………………………………………………………………………… 7
HYPOTHESIS …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES …………………………………………………………………………… 12
CHAPTER 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
MATERIALS & METHODS ………………………………………………………………………… 13
Study Site…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
Sampling……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 13
Materials…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14
Lab analysis ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14
CHAPTER 3 ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
RESULTS …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22
Surface analysis …………………………………………………………………………………………… 22
Microbial Identification ………………………………………………………………………………… 23
Antimicrobial susceptibility analysis ………………………………………………………………. 26
CHAPTER 4 ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 30
DISCUSSION ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 30
CHAPTER 5 ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 35
CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………………………………. 35
References…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36
INTRODUCTION
Human health is under serious threat globally by microorganisms, especially viral and bacterial diseases. Bacteria and viruses can be found on surfaces and could potentially cause harm. Infectious diseases are emerging at an alarming rate and have contributed to a good number of deaths globally.
Although over the past decade the mortality rates of these diseases have declined, the impact these diseases have on the world remains substantial.
Infectious diseases are the second leading cause of death worldwide, with 57 million deaths occurring each year, as reported by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (Fauci, Touchette, & Folkers, 2005).
There are increasing global concerns about certain issues such as antibiotic-resistant bacteria, Zika virus, HIV/AIDS, Ebola virus, and SARS. These diseases have a high mortality rate and have been identified by the World Health Organization as diseases likely to cause epidemics (WHO, 2015).
In Africa, emerging diseases are a public health concern not only due to their high mortality rate, but also due to the fact that developing countries lack good health facilities. Despite countermeasures that have been developed due to advanced technology (therapeutics and vaccines), infectious diseases that affect both human health and the economic stability of societies have not been contained (Morens & Fauci, 2013).
Bacteria and viruses that have developed resistance to antimicrobial agents are more life threatening and are now a serious public health concern.
REFERENCES
Anderson, G., & Palombo, E. A. (2008). Microbial contamination of computer
keyboards in a university setting. American Journal of Infection Control, 37,
507-509.
Brooke, J. S., Annand, J. W., Hammer, A., Dembkowski, K., & Shulman, S. T. (2009).
Investigation of bacterial pathogens on 70 frequently used surfaces in a large
U.S university. Journal of Environmental Health, 21-23.
Burnham, K., Peterson, D., Vavrek, D., & Haas, M. (2009). The impact of microbial
surveys on disinfection protocols in a chiropractic college environment. Journal
of Manipulative & Physiological Therapeutics, 32(6), 463–468.
Butz, A. M., Fosarelli, P., Dick, J., Cusack, T., & Yolken, R. (1993). Prevalence of
rotavirus on high-risk fomites in day-care facilities. American Academy of
Pediatrics, 92(2), 202–205.
CDC. (2016, September 24). E. coli (Escherichia coli). Retrieved April 11, 2017, from
Center for Disease Control and Prevention: https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/
Conly, J. (2002). Antimicrobial resistance in Canada. Canadian Medical Association,
885-891.
Courvalin, P. (1994). Transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between gram-positive
and gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1447-
1451.
Decker, J. F., & Slawson, R. M. (2012). An evaluation of behavioral health compliance
and microbial risk factors on student populations within a high-density campus.
Journal of American College Health, 60(8), 584–595.
StudentsandScholarship Team.
Be the first to comment