Assessment of Coping Strategies Among People Living with HIV/Aids.
ABSTRACT
Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are characterized by a multitude of symptoms which still persist even with the advent of HAART and the goal of human existence is to be happy, free from pain and live a qualitative life.
Hence, human beings employ different strategies to ensure the attainment of their goals. Coping is the name given to the strategies used to ensure that these goals are achieved.
This study aims to assess the physical and psychosocial stressors related to HIV/AIDS as well as physical and psychosocial coping strategies adopted by People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Bauchi state.
A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used with a total sample of 384 PLWHA recruited through multistage sampling technique from eight ART centres in Bauchi state were interviewed using a questionnaire developed from the revised sign and symptoms checklist for HIV (SSC-HIVrev), HIV related social problem scale and Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI).
The data collected was analysed using SPSS. Frequency tabulation, descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation were used, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between variables at a p-value of 0.05 or less.
The most commonly utilised physical coping strategy were consulting medical professional (Mean=2.10), using safe drinking water (Mean=1.82) and sleeping under an insecticide-treated net (Mean=1.64).
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover Page………………i
Title Page……………….ii
Declaration………………..iii
Certification……………iv
Acknowledgments…………. vi
Abstract…………….. vii
Table of Contents…………viii
List of Tables……………..xi
List of Figures………………xii
List of Abbreviations…………….xiii
Operational Definition of Terms…………… xiv
Chapter One………1 1.1
Introduction…………….. 1 1.2
Statement of Problem……………. 4 1.3
Justification of the Study…………6 1.4
Research Objectives……………7 1.5
Research Questions………… 7
Chapter Two……….. 8 2.0
Literature Review/ Theoretical Framework……….. 8 2.1
Introduction………… 8 2.1.1
Concepts of HIV/AIDS………. 8 2.1.2
History and Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS………….. 8 2.1.3
Sign and symptoms of HIV/AIDS……….10 2.1.4
Transmission of HIV/AIDS…………….11
Chapter Three ……………43 3.0
Methodology…………. 43 3.1
Introduction………… 43 3.2
Study Design……….. 43 3.3
Study Area………………. 43 3.4
Study Population…………… 44 3.4.1
Inclusion Criteria………….44 3.4.2
Exclusion Criteria…………44 3.5
Sample Size…………… 45 3.6
Sampling Technique…………….. 45
Chapter Four……………50 4.0
Results………….. 50
Chapter Five…..……… 61 5.0
Discussion…..…….. 61
Chapter Six……..….. 70 6.0
Conclusion and Recommendation…………..70 6.1
Conclusion……………..70 6.2
Recommendation……70 6.3
Contributions of the Study to Scientific Knowledge………..71
References……….. 73
INTRODUCTION
Human being is a biopsycho-social adaptive being in constant interaction with his environment which could be internal or external (Roy, 1970; Matt, 2014).
He is made up of subsystems which include biological subsystem, psychological subsystem and social subsystem.
The biological subsystems consist of respiratory, reproductive, endocrine, cardiovascular, and immunological, among others.
several diseases can affect the subsystems of which Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is one which affect the immunological, psychological and social subsystems.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (Kramer, Kretzschmar and Krickeberg, 2010), and they further stated that AIDS was first clinically observed in 1981 in the United States.
The initial cases were seen in a cluster of injecting drug users and homosexual men who showed symptoms of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), a rare opportunistic infection that was known to occur in people with compromised immune systems.
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