– Assessment of Leather Quality Produced by Optimizing Liming and Increasing Reactivity of Tannins Obtained from Caesalpinia Coriaria And Parkia Clappertoniana –
Download Assessment of Leather Quality Produced by Optimizing Liming and Increasing Reactivity of Tannins Obtained from Caesalpinia Coriaria And Parkia Clappertoniana project materials: This project material is ready for students who are in need of it to aid their research.
ABSTRACT
Tannin chemically stabilizes hides and skins against bacterial attack, transforming the raw material into leather. In the search for alternative sources of tanning materials, only a few of these materials have shown true value as commercial products in the vegetable tannin field.
The negative effect of trivalent chromium both to the tanners and the environment has increased the search for alternative tanning materials which could be eco-friendly.
Pods of Caesalpinia coriaria (DD) and husk of Parkia clappertoniana (PC) tannins were extracted using Procter apparatus and Soxhlet apparatus.
The crude extracts of both DD and PC were purified using gel permeation chromatography and modified using sodium bisulphite and pancreatic trypsin. The modified tannins were characterized using UV-VIS, FT-IR, TLC, sorptive capacity and binding ability.
The modified tannin and 16different tannin ratios of DD and PC were used in the tanning of goat skin. The result of the qualitative and quantitative assessment placed DD to be hydrolysable tannins with 47% pure tannins and PC to be condensed tannins with 42.33% pure tannins.
INTRODUCTION
Raw hides and skins are converted to leather in a process called tanning (Mahdi et al., 2009). Tanning chemically stabilizes hides and skins against bacterial attack and convert the raw material into leather (Leticia et al., 2015).
The conventional use of tannins as agents for converting animal hides and skin to leather is one manifestation of the most evident activity of the tannins, which is their ability to interact with and precipitate proteins, including the proteins found in animal skin.
There are two types of Tanning: mineral (Chromium) and vegetable tannings. Chromium is commonly used as mineral tanning agents (Commision, 2003).
One of the desirable qualities of chrome tanning over vegetable tanning is the high speed of protein fixation leading to the high shrinkage temperature of the resultant leather and an extra ordinary dyeing suitability.
Chrome tanning is the most widely used by the leather industry, because it makes leathers with excellent physical and organoleptic properties.
Approximately 90 % of the tanning process is carried out with chromium (III) salts. However, only a fraction of chromium salts used in the tanning process (60%) reacts with the hides and the skins.
The rest of the salt (40%) remain in the tanning exhaust bath and are subsequently sent to effluent treatment plant where the chromium salts end up in the sludge (Mwinyihija et al., 2006).
REFERENCES
Adama A.Y and Jimoh Y.A (2011). Production and Classification of Locust Bean Pod
Ash (LBPA) as a Pozzolan. Ministry of Works and Infrastructural Development,
Minna, Nigeria and Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin,
Nigeria. Project Reports1 (1).
Adaramola, T. F., Ariwaodo, J. O., and Adeniji, K. A. (2013). Distribution,
phytochemistry and antioxidant properties of the genus Parkia r.br. (mimosaceae)
in Nigeria. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical
Research, 4(4), 172–178.
Adewoye et al., (1986). Parkia clappertoniana fruit husk- a promising tanning
material of Nigeria-Part 1. Journal of Leather Research, Vol 4 (2) pp 17.
Adewoye et al., (1987). Phenolic constituents of Parkia clappertoniana fruit husk.
Journal of the Leather Technologist and Chemists, Vol.72, pp. 27.
Adewoye et al., (1987). Anthocyanidins of Parkia clappertoniana. Journal of the
Leather Technologist and Chemists, Vol.73, pp. 20.
Adewoye et al., (1987). Utilization of Parkia clappertoniana Fruit Husks in the
Tanning Industry. Journal of Leather Research, Vol 4 (2) pp 17.
Be the first to comment