Biodeterioration Of Natural And Artificial Stone
ABSTRACT
Stone is one of the most intensely studied materials in conserhttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/vation. Understanding the deterioration of stone requires knowledge of https://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/various mineralogical and physical characteristics and of stone weathering response in different climates and enhttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/vironments. The alteration and weathering of stone are affected by natural and artificial elements, physical, chemical, or biological damaging factors.
Biodeterioration of stone is coupled with enhttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/vironmental factors that induce the decomposition of stone structure, either directly or indirectly as a form of catalysis. Many elements contribute to the deterioration of stone monuments and others objects of cultural https://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/value such as pagodas and the status of Buddha. This report concentrates on the action of biodeterioration factors including bacteria, algae, and higher plants.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certification Page ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgment https://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/v
Abstract https://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/vi
Table of content https://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/vii
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
- Key Issues
- Aims
- Objectihttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/ves
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature Rehttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/view
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Causes of Biodeterioration
- Effects of biodeterioration
- Biodeterioration and Its Damage in Trophies
- Enhttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/vironmental Conditions and their Effects on Biodeterioration
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Conclusion and Recommendation
- Recommendation
- Conclusion
References
INTRODUCTION
Biodeterioration, defined as damage caused by lihttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/ving organisms such as fungi and termites, endangers cultural property all around the world. The destruction results in enormous economic loss” (Khadelwa, 2003) and the irrehttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/versible cultural and artistic loss of the information of the objects affected.
The loss is greatest among materials derihttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/ved from plants and animals since the food https://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/value of the cellulose or protein that comprise these materials makes them particularly https://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/vulnerable to biological attack (Allsop et al, 2004). As a result wooden objects and structures, bamboo artifacts, manuscripts, books, textiles leather, paper, basketry and https://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/various types of paintings are most at risk.
Stone and masonry are also https://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/vulnerable, howehttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/ver, and stone monuments and outdoor sculptures may become sehttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/verely damaged. Cultural property is ehttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/ven more endangered. While kept under the adhttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/verse enhttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/vironmental conditions that inhttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/vite biodeterioration, typically hot and humid surroundings.
The importance of microbial actihttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/vity in the alteration and deterioration of stone and concrete walls has been frequently neglected. Howehttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/ver, actihttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/ve biofilms are found anywhere where there are microorganisms and humidity and a complex biofilm system can dehttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/velop in external walls of buildings. The microbiota on building stones represents a complex ecosystem that dehttps://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/velops in https://innaija.com.ng/current-projects/biodeterioration-of-natural-and-artifical-stone/various ways.
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