Bioethanol Production from Sugarcane Bagasse and Rice Stalk Using Local Strains of Aspergillus Nigerandsaccharomyces Cerevisiae as Co-Cultures.
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed at producing an alternative energy source(bioethanol)from sulphuric acid and alkaline hydrogen peroxide treated sugarcane bagasse and rice
stalkemploying simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process using co-cultures of isolated and characterized strains of Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The proximate composition of the substrates was determine. The composition of sugarcane bagasse and rice stalk treated with sulphuric acid were determined to be (6.30% ash), (3.05% protein), (84.15% carbohydrates) and (4.75 ash), (5.25 protein), (80.55 carbohydrates) respectively,
while that of sugarcane bagasse and rice stalk treated with alkaline peroxide were (7.95% ash), (1.75% protein), (83.20% carbohydrates) and (5.10% ash), (7.00% protein), (77.65% carbohydrates) respectively.
The characterization scheme used were cultural, morphological and microscopic for A.nigerand cultural, microscopic and physiological for S. cerevisiae.
Garden Soil(GS02) isolateof A. nigerthat possess 6.2mm and 17.1mmdiameter of zone of starch and cellulose hydrolysis respectively and palm wine (PW02) isolateof S. cerevisiaethat tolerates up to 15% ethanol where selected for the production.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
An increase in the world‘s energy demand and the progressive depletion of oil reserves motivate the search for alternative energy resources, especially for those derived from renewable materials such as biomass (Saxenaet al., 2009).
Global concern about climate change and the consequent need to diminish greenhouse gas emissions have encouraged the use of bioethanol as a gasoline replacement or additive (Balatet al., 2008).
This is because cellulosic ethanol and ethanol produced from other biomass resources have the potential to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 86% (Wang et al., 2007).
The current estimated sugarcane production of Nigeria as at 2008 was put over 1.4m tones. This figure represents the combined production of both industrial and domestic consumption. Sugarcane for domestic consumption is produced more than that produced for industrial use.
Thus, chewing cane accounts for between 55 – 65% of the total cane production, the bulk of which is consumed raw for the sweetness of it‘s juice but some of it is processed into a variety of products such as sugar, molasses, bagasse, sweets and left-over leaves/stalks (Busar and Misari, 2007).
Although there are vast potential for the commercial production of this crop, its processing industry did not come into existence in Nigeria until the early 1960s (Abdullahi, 2000).
Aspergillus nigercan be used in the industry in so many ways such as the production of citric and gluconic acids (Ojumu, 2003).
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