Before proceeding what are enzymes/ enzymes are large biological molecules responsible for the thousands of chemical inter-conversion that sustain life. They work by binding to one or more specific molecules called reactants or substrates.
Enzymes can also be defined as the biological catalyst that optimize cell activity while minimizing the amount of energy needed to achieve a specific reaction. Enzymes also energized protein molecule found in every living cell and are necessary for life.
There are over 2000 known enzymes, each of which is involved with one specific chemical
reaction. In cells and organisms, most reactions ware catalyzed by enzymes, which are regenerated ruing the course of a reaction. Biological catalyst are physiologically important because they speed up rate of reactions that would otherwise be too slow to support life. Our bodies naturally produce digestive and metabolic enzymes as they are needed
Specifically, the pancrease product enzymes that break down foods into nutrients the body can use for energy and other bodily functions
Classification of enzymes
The names of enzymes often include the substrate or substance on which they act, joined with an ase ending for example, lactase act upon lactose and maltase acts on maltose to produce glucose. Sometimes they are named for their reaction product, for example, sucrose is often called invertase, becaue invertase as the result of the reaction of sucrose.
The six classes fo enzymes according to the reaction they catalyse are
1. Oxidoreductases
2. Transferases
3. Hydrolases
4. Lyses
5. Isomerases
6. Ligases
Examples
1. Alcohol dehydrogenate,: This is an oxidoreductase that converts alcohols to aldehydes and ketones
2. Amino transferates: transferases catalyzing the aminio acid degradation by removing amino groups
3. Pyruvate decarbotylase: a lyase tht removes co2 from pyruvate
Types of enzymes
The types enzymes include: a. simple enzymes: theses are enzymes composed completely of proteins.
Complex enzymes: these are those composed of protein and a small organic molecules also known as holenzymes
The enzymes categorized by their function include:
1. Metabolic enzymes: this catalyze and regulate every biochemical reaction that occurs in our body and essential to cellular function and health
2. Digestive enzymes: these are secreted along digestive tract which break down food into nutrients and waste, and allow the nutrients a found in foods to be absorbed into the blood stream
3. Food enzymes which enter the body through the consumption of raw foods cooking and processing destroys most of enzymes of food
4. Plant based enzymes :these are synthetically grown which help to break down facts, proteins and carbohydrates and function with a broad ph range
5. Protoplytic enzymes: they are nzymes that digest proteins, trypsin, chymotrypsin, pancreatin etc
IMPORTANT OF ENZYMES
The presence of enzymes in the improve helath and over all performance they include
a. Necessary for celicular function
b. Essential for complete digestion and nutrient absorption
c. Helpful in fighting free radicals
d. Useful in supporting liver detoxification
e. Breakdown of starches and proteins
f. It help to st
abilizer and clarify commercial fruit juice
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