Assessment of The Contributions of Women’s Associations To Rural Development In Nsukka And Obollo-Afor Education Zones of Enugu State.
ABSTRACT
The study was aimed at assessing the extent of the contributions of women’s associations to rural development in Nsukka and Obollo-Afor Education Zones of Enugu State.
To guide the study, four research questions were formulated with the intention of ascertaining the extent of women’s associations to the educational, economic, socio-cultural and political development of rural communities in Nsukka and Obollo-Afor Education Zones of Enugu State.
Also, three null hypotheses were tested at .05 level of significance and used to guide the study. Descriptive survey research design was used.
The population of the study was 1,354 members of women’s associations in Nsukka and Obollo-Afor Education Zones from where a sample of 987 was drawn using simple random sampling technique.
The instrument used for the study was a 28-item self-designed questionnaire called Assessment of the Contributions of Women’s Associations to Rural Development Questionnaire (ACOWRUDEQ).
The instrument was face validated by three experts and its reliability was ensured using Cronbach alpha estimate. Reliability co-efficient of .94 was obtained.
Weighted mean and standard deviation were used in analyzing the collected data. Copies of the instrument were administered to the respondents through direct delivery technique.
Findings of the study revealed that women’s associations contribute to a high extent on the educational, economic, socio-cultural and political development of rural communities.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page i
Approval Page ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgements v
Table of Contents vi
List of Tables viii
Abstract ix
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 7
Purpose of the Study 8
Significance of the Study 9
Scope of the Study 10
Research Questions 10
Hypotheses 11
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 12
Conceptual Framework 12
Concept of assessment 12
Concept of rural development 16
Concept of women associations 26
Theoretical Framework 43
Management by objectives (MBO) model 43
Community development theory 48
Review of Related Empirical Studies 51
Summary of Literature Review 56
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD 59
Design of the Study 59
Area of the Study 59
Population of the Study 60
Sample and Sampling Technique 60
Instrument for Data Collection 61
Validation of the Instrument 61
Reliability of the Instrument 62
Method of Data Collection 62
Method of Data Analysis 63
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 64
Research Question One 64
Research Question Two 66
Research Question Three 69
Research Question Four 72
Summary of Major Findings 73
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION OF THE FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 75
Discussion of the Findings 75
Educational Implications of the Study 81
Conclusion 83
Recommendations 84
Limitations of the Study 85
Suggestions for Further Research 85
Summary of the Study 86
REFERENCES 87
APPENDICES 93
Appendix A: Questionnaire 93
Appendix B: Population and Sample Distribution 96
Appendix C: Questionnaire Return Rate 97
Appendix D: Computations 98
Appendix E: Validates’ Comments 111
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
The contributions of women in advancing development have been widely acknowledged. UNESCO (2005) noted that African women form an indispensable part of human resources for development.
Without their contributions, African countries cannot be expected to be maintained at the present low level not to talk of any development progress arising thereof.
Women play active role in development. According to Ijere (1992), women form the backbone of rural development. They are found in agriculture and even outside it.
In the household, they hold an unassailable pre-eminence tending to the children and even the husbands.
Lending credence to the above, Odo, Onyishi and Aba (2007) stated that women throughout the world are strong and active contributors to the development of the societies.
They engage in considerable work outside their homes although this is rarely recognized in national statistics. They went further to state that the degree in disorganization and chaos that occurs when they are absent in their house confirm the extent of their importance.
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