Evaluation of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L) Seed Meal as A Source of Supplementary Methionine in Broiler Diets

Evaluation of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L) Seed Meal as A Source of Supplementary Methionine in Broiler Diets.

ABSTRACT

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of different methods of processing sesame seed (Sesame indicum) on chemical composition and on the nutritional value of sesame seed meal as a source of dietary methionine in broiler diets. The processing methods  tested were roasting (ROSSM), Boiling (BOSSM) and soaking (SOSSM).

The processed and mealed samples were compared to the raw (RASSM) samples and a control diet. Chemical analyses were conducted for proximate composition, anti- nutritional factors and amino acids, while growth performance studies were conducted with two sets of broiler starters (0-4weeks) and two sets of broiler finishers (5-8 weeks old).

The chemical analyses results showed that processing had no significant effect on crude protein, crude fibre and Ether Extract. Marginal effects on Ash content were observed with RASSM containing 5.66% (highest) and SOSSM containing 4.88%. However, NFE was drastically reduced from 8.41% (RASSM) to 4.80% for SOSSM, 2.82% for BOSSM and 2.15% for ROSSM.

For anti-nutritional factors, processing tended to increase the content of oxalate from 80mg/100g to 140mg/100g in SOSSM. Drastic reductions were observed for Trypsin inhibitor from 0.62mg/100g in RASSM to 0.16 in SOSSM, 0.14 in ROSSM and 0.10 in the BOSSM but marginal decreases were observed for phytic acid from 102.49mg/100g to 96.12.

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INTRODUCTION

There is rapid population increase without a corresponding increase in food production (Christopher et al., 1997 and Vanderzijpp, 1997). Sobayo et al. (2007) reported that the population of developing countries has continued to increase resulting in increased demand for protein of animal sources.

The poultry industry occupies a unique position in the livestock sector. The broiler birds are highly prolific and are good feed converters (Obioha, 1992). Acute shortage of animal protein in the diet of average Nigerians requires a logical solution like increasing the production and consumption of poultry (FAO, 1997).

Nigeria and other developing countries are experiencing protein deficiencies. Oyawoye (1989) reported that there is protein deficiency gap for which careful attention is necessary to prevent protein deficiency related diseases in Nigerian citizens.

Nigeria’s population is increasing rapidly and this indicates the need to strategize action and device means of improving the production of animal protein for average Nigerians. Christopher et al. (1997) and Fasuyi (2005) reported that per capita consumption of animal protein has been on the decline over the past decades.

This is because the livestock industry in Nigeria has never adequately supplied the Nigerian market with adequate quantity of animal products. In the alternative, plant proteins are deficient in one or more essential amino acids such as lysine, methionine, cystine and trytophan.

Available statistics indicates that Nigeria is one of the countries where average protein intake of the people ranks among the lowest in the world. It is estimated that on the average, Nigerians consume only about 7g of animal proteins on a daily basis as against the minimum requirement of 28g/head/day recommended by FAO (Uchegbu et al, 1995).

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StudentsandScholarship Team.