Site Suitability Analysis for Solid Waste Disposal in Enugu Urban Using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System.
ABSTRACT
Identifying solid waste disposal sites and appropriately managing them is a big task to many developing countries. This is a critical problem in Enugu urban in particular.
The existing site in Enugu urban is not sufficient in its capacity and it is damaging the environment due to its location, and the type of waste dumped, while the surrounding area is being irrigated.
Due to the expansion and urbanization developments in Enugu State, it badly needs to develop controlled solid waste dumping site to prevent several contamination problems.
This study was conducted first, to assess the existing waste management strategies in Enugu urban; and second, to find out the potential waste disposal sites in Enugu urban, using GIS and Remote Sensing techniques.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….i
TITLE PAGE ………………………………………………………………………………………………………..ii
CERTIFICATION …………………………………………………………………………………………………iii
APPROVAL ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iv
DEDICATION………………………………………………………………………………………………………. v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT………………………………………………………………………………………. vi
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………………………………………………viii
LIST OF FIGURES ………………………………………………………………………………………………. xi
LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………………………………….. xii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ……………………………………………………………………………….. 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………………………………………. 2
1.3 Significance of the Research……………………………………………………………………………. 2
1.4 Aim and Objectives of the Study …………………………………………………………………….. 3
1.5 Scope of the Study………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3
1.6 Study Area ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3
1.7 Problem Encountered ……………………………………………………………………………………… 4
CHAPTER TWO: CONCEPTUAL AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
2.1 Conceptual Framework………………………………………………………………………………….. 5
2.1.1 Definition of Solid Waste……………………………………………………………………………….. 7
2.1.2 Solid Waste Collection ……………………………………………………………………………………. 8
2.1.3 Municipal Solid Waste Management ………………………………………………………………. 8
2.2 Theoretical Framework………………………………………………………………………………….. 9
2.2.1 Solid Waste Management ………………………………………………………………………………. 9
2.2.2 Solid Waste Management in Nigeria………………………………………………………………… 9
2.2.3 Causes of Increase in the Generation of Solid Waste………………………………………… 10
2.2.4 Methods of Collecting Solid Waste In Nigeria …………………………………………………. 11
2.2.4.1 Collection System and Equipments……………………………………………………………… 12
2.2.4.2 Collection Routes…………………………………………………………………………………….. 13
2.2.5 Solid Waste Disposal…………………………………………………………………………………….. 14
2.2.6 Solid Waste Processing …………………………………………………………………………………. 16
2.2.7 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)………………………………………………………….. 17
CHAPTER THREE: LITERATURE REVIEW…………………………………………………….. 18
CHAPTER FOUR: METHODOLOGY
4.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 22
4.2 Data Acquisition……………………………………………………………………………………………. 22
4.2.1. Primary Data Acquisition ……………………………………………………………………………. 24
4.2.2 Secondary Data Acquisition………………………………………………………………………….. 24
4.2.2.1 Hardware Requirement …………………………………………………………………………….. 24
4.2.2.2 Software Used: ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 25
4.2.2.3 Criteria for Dumping Site. ………………………………………………………………………… 25
4.3 Data Preparation…………………………………………………………………………………………. 25
4.3.1 Importation………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25
4.3.2 Creating maplist for interpretation of features:…………………………………………………. 26
4.3.3 Sub-Mapping:…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 26
4.3.4 Sample set:………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26
4.3.5 Classification……………………………………………………………………………………………… 27
4.3.6 TIN ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 29
4.3.7 DEM …………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 30
4.3.8 HILLSHADE ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 31
4.3.9 Overlaying of classify image and Hillshade ……………………………………………………… 32
4.3.10 Histogram…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 33
CHAPTER FIVE: ANALYSIS AND RESULT ……………………………………………………… 34
5.0 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………… 34
5.1 Specifying Environmental Setting ……………………………………………………………………. 34
5.2 Slope:………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 35
5.2.1 Reclassify Slope …………………………………………………………………………………………. 37
5.3 Weighting and Combining Dataset …………………………………………………………………….. 37
5.3.1 Weight Overlay for Suitable Area……………………………………………………………………. 39
5.3.4 Filtering……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 39
5.4 Setting Model Parameter ………………………………………………………………………………. 40
5.5 Buffering………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 42
CHAPTER SIX: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 45
6.2 Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 45
5.3 Recommendation………………………………………………………………………………………… 46
REFERENCES ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 47
INTRODUCTION
Selecting and managing appropriate solid waste dumping site is one of the challenging problems in developing countries, due to the lack of proper solid waste management system and the type of waste thrown to the environment.
The practice of direct dumping of waste into water bodies, open and abandoned lands without proper treatment leads to serious Environmental pollution and health-related problems.
According to the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA, 2005) Solid waste is defined as any garbage, refuse, sludge from a waste water treatment plant, water supply treatment plant or air dried materials,
including solid, liquid, semisolid or contained gaseous materials resulting from industrial, commercial mining and agricultural operations and from community activities.
The effectiveness of solid waste disposal depends upon the selection of proper site which is mainly impacted by economical and environmental issues. Each city produces tones of solid wastes daily from households, hospitals, industry, offices, market centers etc.
As poverty, population growth, and high urbanization rates combined with ineffectual and underfunded governments to prevent efficient management of wastes (UNDP, 2004); Municipal solid waste disposal has been enormous concern in developing countries.
REFERENCES
Abbas, I.I, Nai’ya, R and Arigbede, Y.A, 2011. Use ofremote sensing and GIS in effective and efficient solid management planning (a case study of Samara, Zaria,
Ahmad, A, Bayan.A and Akihiko, K, 2011. Using GIS based weighted linear combination analysis and remote sensing techniques to select optimal solid waste disposal sites within Mafraq city, Jordan, Journal of Geographic Information System, 3:267-278
Akinpelumi Oladipo Steven (2011) Development of a geographic information system (GIS) model for selecting solid waste disposal site in Udi L.G.A Enugu State.
Karadimas, N.V., Loumos, V and Mavrantza O., (2004.)Quality of Service Ensuring in Urban Solid Waste Management, in Proceeding of the 2nd International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Systems, Varna, Bulgaria, 288-292
Lant, C. and Sherill,J. (1995) The role of NIMBY group in 22 sanitary landfill sittings in Ellionis, Environmental professional 17(3)243-250.
Mclain .K.T.(1995) Recycling programmes in Bromley . D.W.(ed) The handbook of governmental Economics, Blackwell Publishers Ltd, UK.
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