Design of Water Supply (Cold And Hot) System of A Three Bedroom Bungalow With Adequate Pressure

ABSTRACT

This is focused on the design of the water supply (cold and hot) system of a three-bedroom bungalow with adequate pressure.

Polypropylene (PP) pipes imported from Italy and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes made in Nigeria, the two most common plastic materials used for potable water lines were selected for the analysis and compared to find out which of them is more cost-effective, provide better form-fitting and higher life expectancy.

The adequate flow pressure required for both pipes was found to be 20 Pa while the standard pipe size for the supply of both cold and hot water was found to be 19 mm.

The average of branched pipes supplying water to the three-bedroom bungalow was 13 mm. For cold water supply, pipes numbers „1‟ and „2‟ had 34 loading units while pipes 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7had respectively 3.5, 6.5, 4.0, 6.5, and 13.5 loading units (LU).

The loading units for hot water supply to the building for pipes number „20‟, „21‟, „22‟, and „23‟ were respectively 4.5,4.0, 4.5, and 11.5 LU. Pipes made of PP, though more expensive, are more durable and have higher life expectancy than the PVS ones, and are resistant to weather factors such as temperature and humidity.

PP pipes are recommended to be used to run both cold and hot supplies to the building, while PVC pipes can be used to run only cold water supply to the since they can be easily damaged.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Title Page i
Declaration ii
Certification iii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgments v
Abstract vi
Table of Contents vii
List of Figures x
List of Tables xi
List of Plates xii
Appendix xiii
Nomenclature xiv
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 General Background 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 2
1.3 The present Work 3
1.4 Aim and Objectives 3
1.5 Significance of the Research 4
1.6 Scope of the Work 4
1.7 Definition of Operational Terms 4
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 7
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 Water use in Residential Buildings 7
2.3 Residential Water System sizing 8
2.4 Distribution Systems 8
2.5 Water supply for Multi-storey Buildings 12
2.6 Water Storage Vessels 14
2.6.1 Requirements relating to installation and water storage tanks 15
2.6.2 Requirements relating to access to water storage tanks 16
2.6.3 Requirements relating to materials used in water storage tanks 16
2.7 Water Source 17
2.8 Treatment Facilities 17
2.9 Storage Systems 18
2.10 Fire Protection 19
2.11 Water Pressure 19
2.12 System Layout 20
2.13 Common Pipe Materials 21
2.13.1 Copper Pipes 21
2.14 Internal Piping System Fusion 22
2.15 Physical Properties required for Pipe Materials 24
2.16 Fittings 25
2.17 Fusion Device 25
2.18 Total Dynamic Head 25
2.7 Review of Related Past Works 26
2.8 Research Gap 28
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS 29
3.1 Materials 29
3.2 Design Considerations 29
3.2.1 Materials Selection 29
3.2.2 Cost 30
3.2.3 Estimating Water Demands 30
3.2.4 Water Distribution System 30
3.2.5 Adequate Pressure 30
3.3 Plan Layout of the Bungalow and Description 31
3.4 Design Analysis of the water supply System 32
3.4.1 Pipe Size Analysis 32
3.4.2 Coldwater supply calculations 32
3.4.3 Hot water supply calculations 50
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 56
4.1 Results 56
4.2 Discussion of Results 59
4.3 Cost Analysis 60
4.4 Polypropylene versus Polyvinyl chloride pipes 61
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 62
5.1 Conclusion 62
5.2 Recommendation 62
REFERENCES 63

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Plumbing engineering responsibilities overlap into the professional areas of civil engineering, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, and process engineering.

Traditionally, plumbing Engineering performs the calculations, sizes the equipment, and prepares the plumbing design and construction documents under the supervision of a licensed mechanical, fire protection, or professional engineer (Ho, 2010).

In most states, the mechanical engineer supervises the plumbing engineer‟s responsibilities in the following areas: Design of process and fluid flow process; design of plumbing systems and design of heat energy transfer.

A water supply system uses a combination of pipes (of different dimensions and materials), valves, and outlets to deliver to the building users. Some water supply systems also use storage tanks and pumps.

Designing a water supply system involves getting all of these elements right so that clean water is delivered to the user at the appropriate rate and temperature.

REFERENCES

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