Economic Analysis of Pig Production in Ihiala Local Government Area, Anambra State.
ABSTRACT
This study analyzed the economics of piggery production in Ihiala Local Government Area of Anambra State. The specific objectives were; to determine the socio-economic characteristics of the farmers in the study area,
ascertain the production system practiced by the farmers, ascertain the cost and return of piggery production, determine the factors that affect piggery production, and identify the constraints encountered by the farmers.
A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the 30 respondents, who were purposively selected from six communities out of ten communities that made up Ihiala.
Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as Mean, Frequency and Percentage, Gross Margin, and Multiple Regression.
Objectives I, II, and V were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics, objective III was analyzed Gross Margin Analysis, while objective IV was analyzed using Multiple Regression in four functional forms and also used in the testing of the hypothesis.
The findings of the study revealed that 46.67% of the respondents were between 51 to 60 years of age with a mean age of 48years. 93.33% of them were males, 60% of them were married, and 43.33% of them had formal education (Secondary). The mean farm size was 54 pigs and an average of 16pigs per production cycle.
46.67% of them had a household size between 4 to 6 and a mean household size of 6persons. 50% of them had years of experience between 6 to10 and mean years of experience of 8years. 80% of them were engaged in an intensive system of production.
53.33% of them, reared large white more than other breeds. The average income generated was N2, 061, 300 and the average cost of production (fixed and variable cost) was N1, 382, 100. The net revenue was N679, 200. Therefore, pig production was profitable in the study area.
Farm size and household size were significantly and positively related to output at 1% and 10% with 0.853 and 0.531 respectively. The major constraints encountered by the respondents were; inadequate funds (93.33%), high cost of labor (80%), and non-availability of the good breed (80%).
The study, therefore, recommends that pig farmers in the study area should from cooperative society in order to address the problem of inadequate funds which was recorded as the highest constraint to pig production.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgment iv
Table of Content v
Abstract ix
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background Information 1
1.2 Problem Statement 4
1.3 Objectives of Study 5
1.4 Hypothesis 6
1.5 Justification 6
CHAPTER TWO LITTERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Conceptual Framework 7
2.1 Origin of Pigs 7
2.2 Pig Production, Breeds, and Selection of Breeding Stock 8
2.3 Pig Selection 10
2.4 Pig Keeping Practices and Management System 10
2.4.1 Extensive System 10
2.4.2 Semi-intensive System 11
2.4.3 Intensive Pig Production 13
2.4.4 Management of Boars 13
2.4.5 Management of Sow 14
2.4.6 Management of Weaners 15
2.4.7 Management of Growing and Finishing Pigs (Fatteners) 16
2.4.8 Record-Keeping 18
2.4.9 Diseases and Parasites Control Techniques 19
2.5 Theoretical Framework 20
2.5.1 Empirical Framework 20
2.5.2 Analytical Framework 23
2.5.3 Percentage 24
2.5.4 Gross Margin 24
2.5.5 Regression Analysis 25
2.5.6 Economic Analysis 25
CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Study Area 26
3.2 Sampling Technique 27
3.3 Data Collection 27
3.4 Data Analysis 28
CHAPTER FOUR RESULT AND DISCUSSION
4.0 Socio-economic Characteristics of the Farmers 29
4.1.1 Age 29
4.1.2 Sex 30
4.1.3 Marital Status 30
4.1.4 Educational Qualification 31
4.1.5 Household Size 32
4.1.6 Production Experience 32
4.1.7 Farm Size 33
4.1.8 Enterprise 34
4.2Production System 35
4.2.1 System of Rearing Pigs 35
4.2.2 Breeds of Pigs 36
4.2.3 Litter Size 37
4.3 Cost and Return of Pig Production per Cycle 38
4.4 Factors that Affect Piggery Production 40
4.5 Constraints of Pig Famers 41
CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary 43
5.2 Conclusion 44
5.3 Recommendation 45
Reference 46
Appendix
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background Information
Livestock is one of the fastest-growing agricultural sub-sectors in developing countries with Agricultural Gross Domestic Product of 33 percent and is rapidly increasing.
Livestock products contribute 17 percent to kilocalorie (a non-S. I unit of energy equal to 100 calories) consumption and 33 percent to protein consumption globally, but there is a large discrepancy between rich and poor countries (Rosegrant et al. 2009).
According to the World Bank (2009), livestock systems are said to have both positive and negative effects on public health, social equity, natural resources, and economic growth.
This growth is attributed to the increasing demand for livestock products, as a result of population growth, urbanization, and increasing incomes in developing countries (Delgado 2010).
The total meat production in the developing world tripled between 1980 and 2002, from 45 to 134 million tons (World Bank, 2009). Livestock production and products in industrialized countries account for 53 percent of agricultural gross domestic product (World Bank, 2009).
Ezeibe (2014) also noted that pig industry in Nigeria is an important arm of livestock subsector in the overall agricultural sector which derives from the fact that pigs possess high fecundity; high feed to meat conversion efficiency, early maturity, short gestation period, cooking fats and bristle.
Hedegepath (2008).Pig production is widely scattered across the globe. The estimated global pig inventory of over eight hundred and one million in 2002 was a slight increase over the global pig inventory estimate of over seven hundred and eighty-two million in (2006).
REFERENCES
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