Effect of Fixation on Tissues

 – Effect of Fixation on Tissues –

Download Effect of Fixation on Tissues project materials: This project material is ready for students who are in need of it to aid their research.

INTRODUCTION

Histology is the study of tissues. For these tissues to be studied properly, they are prepared via various processes.  These procedures are known as histological techniques.

Tissue processing can be performed manually or by the use of an automated tissue processing machine (a “tissue processor”).  Tissue processing schedules for enclosed, automatic processors are devised according to species and size / type of tissue.

Most Histological techniques have been developed to reserve the structural integrity of the specimens so that it can be viewed microscopically (Schwann, 2008).

The aim of good histological technique is to preserve microscopic anatomy of tissue and make them hard, so that very thin section (4 to 5 micron) can be made. After staining, the section should represent the anatomy of the tissue as close to as possible to their structure in life.

PROCEED NOW TO DOWNLOAD PAGE

This is achieved by passing the total as selected part of the tissue through a series of process. For light microscopy, three techniques can be used: the paraffin technique, frozen sections, and semi thin sections. The paraffin technique is the most commonly used (Preece, 2008).

Histological techniques involved in preparation of tissues for light microscopy includes: Fixation, Dehydration, Cleaning, Embedding, Cutting, Staining.

Fixation as one of the most important steps in tissue processing involves fixing tissues to keep the cellular components as “lifelike” as possible, it is essential that all biochemical and proteolytic processes are inactivated and structures are immobilized and locked in space by a “fixation” step (Mayer, Franz, and Karl, 2009).

PROCEED NOW TO DOWNLOAD PAGE

REFERENCES

Akissane, M.J, (2000). Anderson’s pathology. ( 9^th edition). CV Mosby company USA p. 1095-1099.

Avwioro, O.G.(2010). principles and techniques. Histochemistry and tissue  pathology. (2^nd edition). Claverianum press, Nigeria. pp 10-50.

Bonita, R., Beaglehole, R. Kjellestrom, T. (2006). Formaldehyde. (2^nd edition). Goldstein, N.S., Ferkowicz, M.T., Odish, E., Mani, A., Hastah. F. (2003).

Minimum formalin fixation time for consistent estrogen receptor immunohistochemical staining of invasive breast carcinoma.  Am J Clin Pathol 120(5):86-93.

Hopwood, D. (2006).Host specificity in the Richelia-diatom symbioses revealed by hetR gene sequence analyses. Environ Microbiol 1(3): 431–438.

Huang, B. Q. and Yeung, E. C. (2015). Chemical and Physical Fixation of Cells and Tissues: An Overview. (2^nd edition).Springer publishers New York: 21-29.

Janson, S., Wouter,s .J, Bergman, B., Carpenter, E.J. (2009). Fixation and fixatives. Theory and practice of histological techniques. Churchill Livingstone, New York: pp19-26.