Effects of Cognitive Restructuring and Bibliotherapy Techniques on Anger Manifestation of Secondary School Students.
ABSTRACT
The study investigated the effects of cognitive restructuring and biliotherapy techniques on the reduction of anger manifestation of secondary school students. The study was guided by four research questions and two null hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance.
A quasi-experimental design which adopted pretest and posttest, control group was used. The entire population of 41 identified aggressive students for the study was used as sample. This is because the number was not too large to manage.
Subjects were assigned to each of the two treatment groups. Group A comprised 13 subjects (seven males and six females), and were assigned to cognitive restructuring technique, Group B comprised also 13 subjects (six males and seven females) and were assigned to bibliotherapy technique.
Control group had fifteen subjects and was not given treatment. The research instrument used for data collection was a 25-item questionnaire titled anger behaviour inventory (ABI). The items were validated by three experts in terms of face validation.
The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha method. Based on the analysis, the result yielded internal consistency estimate of 0.94.
Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the four research questions of the study while the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was employed to test the hypotheses at 0.05 significance level.
The analysis of the data revealed the following findings: Students exposed to cognitive restructuring technique showed mean gain of -1.87 in terms of reducing their anger manifestation behaviour.
INTRODUCTION
Anger as a strong feeling of dislike over something disrupts the enabling environment that is necessary for providing effective teaching and learning. Anger is actually designed to be a positive and constructive aid to survival.
Gael (2000), said that anger is meant to provide human beings with vital boosts of both physical and emotional energy, just when they are most in need of either protection or healing. But it is hard to remember the positive nature of anger today.
Not only is the media replete with stories depicting the awful power of uncontrolled anger, yet some men are pretending that they have risen above this powerful human emotion (Ingram, 2010).
Anger means the state of strong feeling of dislike over something, a situation or a person (Pius, 2002). Anger is a feeling related to one’s perception of having been offended, wronged and a tendency to undo that wrongdoing by retaliation (Novaco, 2011).
Novaco in the course of his definition recognized three modalities of anger: cognitive (appraisals), somatic-affective (tension and agitations) and behavioural (withdrawal and antagonism).
Anger may have physical correlates such as increased heart rate, blood pressure, and levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline (Novaco, 2011). Melissa (2004) views anger as part of the flight response to the perceived threat of harm.
The feeling of anger can move a person to make conscious choice to show the displeasure to the behaviour of another threatening outside force. Anger is a feeling state ranging in intensity from mild annoyance to full blown rage and fury (Ingram, 2010).
Anger according to Charles (2009:2) is “an emotional state that varies in intensity from mild irritation to intense fury and rage.” Like other emotions, it is accompanied by some physiological changes.
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StudentsandScholarship Team.
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