– Effects of Planes of Nutrition on Bodyweight, Haematology and Immune Response in Broiler Chickens Vaccinated with Newcastle Disease I-2 or Lasota Laccines –
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ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of planes of nutrition on body weight, haematology and immune responses in broiler chickens vaccinated with NDV I-2 and Lasota vaccines. Two hundred (200) day old broiler chicks of Anak 2000 strain were used for the study. They were randomly assigned into nine groups of 20 birds each.
Three feed types (A, B, C) were compounded for the study. Proximate analyses of the feeds were carried out. The groupings are A1 (feed A + I-2 vaccine), A2 (feed A + lasota vaccine), A3 (feed A + no vaccine), B1 (feed B + I-2 vaccine), B2 (feed B + lasota vaccine), B3 (feed B + no vaccine), C1 (feed C + I-2 vaccine), C2 (feed C + lasota vaccine), C3 (feed C + no vaccine).
Feeding and provision of water were ad- libitum for the 9 week period of the study. Weight gain was determined on weekly basis. Packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (HbC), total leucocyte counts (TLC) and differential leucocytes counts (DLC) were carried out on weeks 1, 3, 6 and 9 of the experiment following standard procedures.
Serum samples were collected from 4 birds each from the nine groups at weeks 1, 3, 6 and 9 for haemaglutination and haemaglutination inhibition tests. Ten birds each were randomly selected from the different groups and challenged with virulent Newcastle disease virus strain Kuru duck- 113 (Kudu113).
The birds were monitored for clinical signs and those that died were necropsied. Data obtained were analysed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and variant means were separated by duncan multiple range test. Antibodies in broilers in different dietary groups were compared. All tests were performed at a 5% level of probability.
INTRODUCTION
For the past few decades, poultry production has become increasingly organized, specialized and integrated into an industry of major national and international importance. The industry has emerged as a strong agro-based sector with a population of about 150 million chickens in Nigeria (Musa, 2008).
But the advancement of the industry is being hampered by high cost and poor quality of feed which has adversely affected its performance and profitability in Nigeria. Disease also constitutes one of the major factors that limit productivity of poultry (Oluyemi et al., 1979).
Newcastle disease is considered a highly fatal and one of the most serious viral diseases in Nigeria affecting commercial as well as rural poultry (Ezeokoli et al., 1984; Abdu et al., 1985). At present, poultry contributes significantly to the growth of the national economy and has remained an important business for both civil servants, private and corporate organizations.
The increasing level of poverty within Nigerian socio-economic environment has motivated a good percentage of the citizenry into engaging in poultry production to provide eggs, meat and revenue to augment the meager income from their main occupation (Nwanta et al., 2002).
However, this industry has been facing threatening challenges of Newcastle disease and sometimes, a whole flock is wiped away resulting in heavy losses (Nawathe, 1988; Shamaki et al., 1989; Nwanta et al., 2006).
Immunization against Newcastle disease can be improved through provision of balanced nutrition and coordinated disease control programme (Nawathe, 1988).
REFERENCES
Abdu, P. A., George, J. B., Abdullahi, S. U. and Umoh, J. U. (1985). Poultry diseases diagnosed at the Avian Clinic of Ahmadu Bello University Zaria: A retrospective study. Nigerian Veterinary Journal, 14 (1): 63- 65.
Abdu, P.A., Mera, U.M., and Sa’idu, L. (1992). A study of chicken mortality in Zaria, Nigeria, Proceedings of National Workshop on Livestock and Veterinary Services, Held at National Veterinary Research Institute ,Vom. On 11-14 August, 1992, pp. 51-55.
Adu, F. D., Oyejide, A. and Tomori, O. (1989). Antigenic relationships among the clones of Nigerian field and vaccine strains of Newcastle disease virus Zariya Veterinarian. 4, 11-17.
Adu, F. D., Tomori, O. and Onyejide, A. (1990). Susceptibility of chickens vaccinated with three live Newcastle disease vaccines to challenge by velogenic strains. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 10, 131-135.
Alders, R. G., Fringe, R., and Mata, B. V. (2001). Characteristics of the 1-2 live thermostable disease vaccine produced at INVE – ACIAR. In: Proceedings of the SADC Planning Workshop. Newcastle Disease Control in Village Chicken, Maputo, 6-9 March, 2000.
Alders, R. G., Inove, S. and Katongo, J. C. (1994). Prevalence and evaluation of Hitchner B1, and V4 vaccines for the control of Newcastle disease in village chickens in Zambia. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 21, 125-132.
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