– Genetic Analysis of Oil Content and Some Agronomic Traits in Maize –
Download Genetic Analysis of Oil Content and Some Agronomic Traits in Maize project materials: This project material is ready for students who are in need of it to aid their research.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the mode of gene action that controls per cent oil, to estimate correlation coefficient between oil content with agronomic traits, to determine direct and indirect relationships between oil and agronomic traits and to estimate heterosis for oil content.
Sweet corn white and sweet corn yellow were used as high oil male parents, which were crossed to ten low oil maize varieties (Oba Super 2, SDM2, Sammaz 13, Sammaz 36, Sammaz 29, Sammaz 27, Sammaz 20, Ex Yola Dt, Sammaz 18 and Sammaz 37).
North Carolina Design II mating design was used to develop progenies. The evaluation was carried out at two locations, Samaru and Kadawa. Result for males and females sources of variation for Samaru indicated no significant differences for per cent oil while male x female sources of variation indicated a significant difference for percent oil.
Result for Kadawa indicated that males, females and males x females’ source of variation was not significant for oil content. For the combined locations, males, females and males x females’ source of variation indicated no significant differences for per cent oil.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title page ———————————————————————————————- i
Declaration——————————————————————————————— ii
Dedication ——————————————————————————————— iii
Certification ——————————————————————————————– iv
Acknowledgements ———————————————————————————— v
Abstract————————————————————————————————– vi
Table of Contents————————————————————————————– viii
List of Tables —————————————————————————————— xi
List of Figures—————————————————————————————— xiv
INTRODUCTION———————————————————————————–1
1.1 Origin of Maize———————————————————————————– 1
1.2 High Oil Maize Production and Uses———————————————————2
1.3 Justification—————————————————————————————- 3
1.4 Objectives —————————————————————————————— 5
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ——————————————————————– 6
2.1 Breeding For High Oil Content in Maize—————————————————- 6
2.2 Variability for Oil Content in Maize Germplasm—————————————– 7
2.3 Estimation of Variance Components for Mating designs——————————— 7
2.4 Heritability Estimates ————————————————————————– 8
2.5 Heterosis —————————————————————————————– 9
2.6 Correlation Studies —————————————————————————- 9
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS —————————————————— 13
3.1 Materials————————————————————————————– 13
3.1 Methods————————————————————————————— 14
3.2 Materials Used in the Study———————————————————— 14
3.2.1 Categorization of materials based on their Oil analysis——————————- 14
3.2.2 Parent grouping ————————————————————————— 14
3.2.3 Mating design used in the experiment————————————————- 15
3.2.4 Development of crosses—————————————————————— 16
3.2.5 Evaluation of entries———————————————————————- 17
3.3 Data Collection——————————————————————————- 18
3.3.1 Morphological data———————————————————————— 18
3.3.2 Yield data———————————————————————————— 18
3.3.3 Oil analysis data————————————————————————— 19
4.0 RESULTS ———————————————————————————–31
4.1 Analysis of Variance———————————————————————– 31
4.1.1 Mean performance of male and female parents and their progenies—————- 31
4.1.2 Component of variance——————————————————————- 42
4.1.3 Estimates of broad sense heritability —————————————————- 46
4.2 Mean Squares Estimates for Nine Agronomic Traits of Maize—————— 49
4.2.1 Component of Variance male, female and male x female—————————— 50
4.2.2 Additive and dominance gene actions —————————————————-58
4.2.3 Narrow sense heritability estimates——————————————————- 63
4.3 Heterosis————————————————————————————— 65
4.4 Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlations———————————————— 74
4.5 Path Analysis——————————————————————————— 79
5.0 DISCUSSION——————————————————————————– 84
6.0 SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION——————— 92
6.1 Summary ————————————————————————————– 92
6.2 Conclusion————————————————————————————- 92
6.3 Recommendation—————————————————————————– 93
REFERENCES ———————————————————————————– 95
INTRODUCTION
Maize (Zea mays L.) originated from Mexico; and it was introduced to Africa in the 6th century, most likely by the Portuguese. Maize is a temperate season crop, but breeders have developed varieties that can be grown in almost any climate.
Maize requires an average temperature of about 24 0C during the day and 14 0C in the night. Rainfall should be well spread (about 460 – 600mm) during the growing period (Miracle, 1966). Before the introduction of maize, millet and sorghum were the major cereal crops grown in West and Central Africa.
The dramatic expansion of maize production started from 1970 onward (Smith et al., 1994). The total land area under cultivation has increased in Nigeria especially in the savannah, while the yield per unit area is still very low, with less than 2t/ha as opposed to on station yield of about 6t/ha in the region (Fakorede et al., 2005).
In Africa, maize is complementing traditional starchy foodstuffs such as millet and sorghum (Miracle, 1966). Maize is the third most important cereal crop in the world after rice and wheat.
REFERENCES
Abou-Dief, M.H., Mekki, B, B., Mostafa, E A.H., Esmail, R.M. and Khattab, S. A.M. (2012). The genetic relationship between Protein, Oil and Grain yield in some maize hybrids. World journal of agricultural sciences. Vol. B. Issue 1.pp43.
Ahmed, S., Mian, M.A. and Gill, A.R. (1992). Correlation studies between yield components and oil content in maize single crosses. Pakistan J. Agric.Res. vol.13: pp 132- 135.
Alexander, D.E. and Lambert, R.J. (1968). Relationship of kernel oil content to yield in maize. Crop Sci., 8: pp273-274.
Alexander, D.E. (1962). Corn as an oil crop. Proc., 17th Ann. Hybrid Corn Industry.Res.Conf. pp 85-91.
Allard, R.W., (1960) Principle of plant Breeding By John Willey and Sons. New york. pp 89-98
Alvi, M.B., Rafique, M., Tariq, M.S., Hussain, A., Mahmood, T., S and Sarwar, M. (2003). Characters association and path coefficient analysis of grain yield and yield components in Maize (Zea mays L.). Pak.J. Sci., 6(2): pp 136 – 138.
Anonymous (1989).federal Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development (1998).By Enwezor, W.O., Udo, E.J., Usoroh, N.J., Ayotade, K.A., Adepetu, J.A., Chude, U.O. and Udegbe, C.I. Fertilizer uses and Management practices in Nigeria. pp 25-30.
Association of Analytical Chemist. Official method of analysis. A.O.A.C. (1980). Horwitz, W.Ed. 13th edition. Washington, D.C. pp 125 – 126.
Betrin, F.J. and Hallauer, A.R. (1996). Characterization of inter population genetic variability in three hybrid maize populations. Journal of heredity, 27: pp 319- 328.
Carbonell, M. S; Filho, A.A.J; S, A.L; Garcia, F.A.A and Moraise, K.L. (2004). Common bean cultivars and lines interactions with environments. Sci.Agric.(Piracicaba,Braz.).Vol.61 no2Mar./Apr. pp 32 – 36.
StudentsandScholarship Team.
Be the first to comment