– Genetic Parameters of Bodyweight and Some Economic Important Traits in the Japanese Quail –
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ABSTRACT
This experiment was conducted to study the genetic estimates for body weight and some economic important traits in Japanese quail from a foundation stock of 784 chicks, which were sexed at day 21.
Selected birds of 50 sires and 150 dams based on body weight were used as parents G0 (Unselected generations) for the next generation.
Data were collected over two consecutive hatches for G1 ( selected generation one) and G2 ( selected generation two) and records collected at day 35, 42, 49 and 56 from males and females to determine the effect of selection on age and body weight at sexual maturity; the trend of growth in body weight, body length, egg quality characteristics, egg production, carcass traits in generations, sex and age of Japanese quail; the effect of sex and age on breast meat quality of Japanese quail; the rate of genetic improvement in reproductive traits, body weight, egg traits, carcass traits, mineral and chemical composition of meat in Japanese quail and the genetic parameters (h2) based on individual selection for body weight at different ages, reproductive, egg production, minerals, chemicals, and carcass traits of Japanese quail.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. i
Copyright Statement ………………………………………………………………………………………………… ii
Declaration……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iii
Certification ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. iv
Dedication ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. v
Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………………………………………………… vi
Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. viii
List of Tables ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… xiii
Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. xv
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………. 1
1.2 Justification of study ……………………………………………………………………………………… 3
1.3 The Specific objectives …………………………………………………………………………………… 4
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ……………………………………………………………………………… 5
2.1 Japanese Quial ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 5
2.2 Sexual Maturity Characteristics of Female Japanese Quail …………………………….. 6
2.3 Sexual Mayurity Characteristics of Male Japanese Quail ……………………………….. 6
2.4 Carcass Traits of Japanese Quail …………………………………………………………………… 7
2.5 Bodyweight and Some Parts of Japanese Quail ………………………………………………. 8
2.6 Egg Weight and Yolk Characteristics of Japanese Quail ………………………………… 9
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS ………………………………………………………………….. 23
3.1 Experimental Site ………………………………………………………………………………………… 23
3.2 Mating Plan ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23
3.3 Management of Fertile Egg ………………………………………………………………………….. 24
3.4 Incubation and Hatching of Fertile Eggs ………………………………………………………. 24
3.5 Experimental Birds and their Management ………………………………………………….. 24
3.6 Data collection …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 25
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 RESULTS …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 39
4.1 Sexual Maturity Characteristics of Japanese Quails ……………………………………… 39
4.1.1 Sexual maturity characteristics in females ………………………………………………………… 39
4.1.2 Sexual Maturity Characteristics in males …………………………………………………………. 39
4.2 Carcass Traits, Body length and Body Parts of Japanese Quail …………………….. 42
4.2.1 Carcass traits of Japanese quail by generations and sex ……………………………………… 42
4.2.2 BW56 Body length and some parts of Japanese quail ………………………………………… 42
4.3 Egg Characteristics of Japanese Quail. ………………………………………………………… 45
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Sexual Maturity Characteristics of Japanese Quail ………………………………………. 82
5.2 Effect of sex on bodyweight ………………………………………………………………………….. 83
5.3 Effect of Generation of Selection and Sex on body weight and Carcass Characteristics of Japanese Quails……………………………………………………………….. 85
5.4 Breast Meat Quality of Japanese Quail ………………………………………………………… 89
5.5 Realized heritability estimates for body weight …………………………………………….. 92
5.6 Heritability estimates for egg production and quality traits ………………………….. 94
5.7 Heritability Estimates for Carcass Weight ……………………………………………………. 95
5.8 Heritability Estimates for male and female reproductive traits ……………………… 95
CHAPTER SIX
6.1 CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 98
6.2 RECOMMENDATIONS…………………………………………………………………………………….98
REFERENCE………………………………………………………………………………………………………….99
INTRODUCTION
Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) has become a pilot animal in the field of research.
This is due to its fast growth rate, early sexual maturity, high rate of egg production, short generation interval, less feed and space requirement, easy maintenance, resistance to many avian diseases and potential source of meat and egg (Ajay-Kurma et al., 2000; Akpa et al., 2008).
However, despite the numerous advantages over other poultry birds, its breeding programme has not been fully exploited in Nigeria. In order to establish a breeding programme, it is essential to estimate genetic parameters for improving traits that are of economic value.
The scale of the genetic parameters could show the amount of improvement derivable by selection.
REFERENCES
Abdel- Mounsef, N.A. (2005). Non genetic factors affecting some productive traits in Japanese quail. Mansoura, Journal of Agricultural Science, 34:205-212
Aboul-Hassan, M.A. (2001). Growth performance and natural selection of growth on Japanese quail as affected dietary energy sources, levels and age under the Egyptian environmental condition. Egypt poultry Science, 29(3):777-804 Aboul-Hassan, M.A. (2000).
Effect of slaughter age and sex on carcass composition of Japanese quail, Poultry Science, 20:649-661
Aboul-Hassan, M.A. (1997). Comparative study of growth traits in two strains of Japanese quail. Journal Agricultural Resource& Development, 14:189- 197.
Aboul-Hassan, M.A. (1995). Selection for growth traits in Japanese Quail.1-Early responses. Mansoura, Journal of Agricultural Scienc., 22:101-109.
Abplan, H., Woodward, A.E. and Wilson, W.O. (1967). The effects of unnatural day lengths upon maturation and egg production of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Poultry Science, 41:1963-1968.
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