– Inheritance of Grain and Fodder Yields and Yield Components in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (l.) walp) –
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ABSTRACT
Studies were carried out on Two landraces Kanannado Brown and Biu Local (Fodder types) and IT98K-205-8 (grain type) to estimate the gene effects for grain and fodder yields and yield components in cowpea, using generation mean analysis.
Six generations were developed (P1, P2, F1, BC1 P1,BC2 P2 and F2) and evaluated at Kadawa. Data collected were analyzed for: gene segregation, gene action governing the three key parameters (leaf-stem ratio, total biomass and dual trait) as well as heritability.
Significant mean for leaf-stem ratio in the crosses Kanannado brown × IT93K-205-8 and in the Biu local × IT93K-205-8, and for dual trait in the cross Biu local × IT93K-205-8. All the backcrosses had significant better mean performance for all the parameters.
This indicated that backcross breeding procedure may be important in the improvement of yield in cowpea. Different means obtained showed by the individuals in the population was an indication of the presence of considerable amount of genetic variability.
Transgressive segregation for high and low leaf- stem ratio observed in the cross Kanannado brown × IT93K-205-8 suggests that genes were dispersed among the parents in this study. Polygenic inheritance for the three traits studied was confirmed by unimodality in the F2 s coupled with the number of effective factors.
Complementary gene effects as evidenced by skewness, epistatic effects were also found. Duplicate gene was predominantly involved in the inheritance.
Correlation had been found to be high and significant (negative and positive) between dual trait and dry fodder yield; dry fodder yield and dry seed weight; dual trait and days to first flower, and also between days to first flower with dry seed yield. Also high heritability was obtained.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page ii
Declaration iii
Certification iv
Dedication v
Acknowledgments vi
Abstract vii
Table of content viii
List of figures xi
List of tables xii
Abbreviations and Symbols xiii
CHAPTER ONE
- INTRODUCTION 1
- OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 4
CHAPTER TWO
- LITERATURE REVIEW 5
- HERITABILITY AND MODE OF INHERITANCE OF YIELD COMPONENTS IN COWPEA 5
- CORRELATION OF YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS 11
CHAPTER THREE
- MATERIALS AND METHODS 14
- EXPERIMENTAL SITE 14
- EXPERIMENTAL MATERIALS 15
- DEVELOPMENT OF THE GENETIC POPULATION 15
- Hybridization 15
- Evaluation 17
- DATA COLLECTION 17
- STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 18
- Generation Mean Analysis 18
- Number of Effective Factors 19
- Heritability 20
- Correlation Analysis 22
CHAPTER FOUR
- RESULTS 23
- MEAN PERFORMANCE 23
- MODE OF INHERITANCE 28
- GENETIC ANALYSES 38
- HERITABILITY AND NUMBER OF EFFECTIVE FACTORS 44
- CORRELATION STUDIES 46
CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION
- MEAN PERFORMANCE 49
- GENETIC VARIABILITY 51
- HERITABILITY 52
- GENETIC ANALYSES 53
- CORRELATION STUDY 54
CHAPTER SIX SUMMARY,CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
- SUMMARY 57
- CONCLUTIONS 58
- RECOMMENDATIONS 58
- FUTURE WORK 59
REFERENCES 60
INTRODUCTION
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is one of the most important pulse crops; native to Central Africa and belongs to the family Fabaceae; Cowpea is called vegetable meat due to high amount of protein in the grain with better biological value on dry weight basis (Withanage, 2005).
Cowpea grain on dry weight basis contains 23.4 per cent protein, 1.8 per cent fat and 60.3 per cent carbohydrates and it is a rich source of calcium and iron (Gupta, 1988).
Apart from this, cowpea forms excellent forage and it gives a heavy vegetative growth and covers the ground so well that it checks soil erosion.
As a leguminous crop, it fixes about 70 – 240 kg per ha of nitrogen per year Cowpea is mainly grown in tropical and sub tropical regions of the world for vegetable and seed purpose and to a lesser extent as a fodder crop (Gupta, 1988).
REFERENCES
Adewale, B.D., Okonji, C., Oyekanmi, A.A., Akintobi, D.A.C., and Aremu, C.O. (2006) Genotypic Variability and Stability of Some Grain Yield Components of Cowpea. African Journal of agricultural Research 5(9): 874-880. Singh, B. B., Fatokun, C. A., Tarawali, S. A. 2002. Challenges and opportunities for enhancing sustainable cowpea production 1: 9.
Adeyanju, A. O. (2008). Genetic Analysis of Dual Purpose Traits in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). MSc. thesis, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria. pp.1.
Akundabwenin, L.S., Peter-Paul, C., and Singh, B.B. (1999). Evaluation of Elite Lines of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) for leaf fodder plus grain. Tropical Agricultaure, 67 (2): 133-136.
Al-Jibouri, H. A., Miller, P. A., and Robinson, H. F. (1958). Genotypic and Environmental Variance and Covariance in an Upland Cotton Cross of Interspecific Origin Agronomy Journal, 50: 353-356.
Altimbas, M., and Sepetoglu, H. (1993). A Study to Determine Components Affecting Seed Yield in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). Doga Turk Tarimve Ormancilik Dergisi, 17 : 775-784.
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