Isolation and Characterisation of Antituberculosis Compounds from the Leaves of Clerodendrum Capitatum (Wild), Heeria Insignis (Del) and Stem Bark of Psorospermum Senegalense (Spach).
ABSTRACT
Studies, antimicrobial and antituberculosis screenings of extracts from the leafs of Clerodendrum capitatum, Heeria insignis and stem bark of Psorospermum senegalense were carried out.
The phytochemical studies of the three plants revealed the presence of carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, glycoside, saponins, streroids, triterpenes,flavanoids and tannins.
The antimicrobial screening of the hexane , dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the three plants showed that they were active against most of the test microorganisms namely Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Corynebacterium ulcerans,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Vancomycin resistant enterococci, Bacillus subtillis,
Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas flourescense, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterobacter specie, Streptococcus feacalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus rettgeris, Candida tropicalis, Candida pseudotropicalis, Candida krusei, Candida albicans and Candida stellatoid.
However, the ethyl acetate extract showed the highest activity of all the extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the extracts were determined.
INTRODUCTION
Medicinal plants are natural sources of compounds that can be used against many diseases (Kubmarawa et al., 2007). The medicinal values of these plants lie in bioactive compounds that produce definite physiological actions on the human body (Krishnaiah et al., 2009).
Medicinal plants have been shown by many studies as sources of diverse nutrients and non- nutrient compounds. Many of the medicinal plants display antioxidant and antimicrobial properties which can protect the human body against both cellular oxidation reactions and pathogens.
Thus, it is important to characterize different types of medicinal plants for their antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials (Bajpai et al., 2005; Mothana and Lindequist, 2005; Wojdylo et al., 2007).
In Africa and developing countries, it is estimated that 70 to 80% of people rely on traditional healers and herbal practitioners for their health needs (Agyare et al., 2006) and medicinal plants are the main sources of remedies used in this therapy.
Some of these medicinal plants have been used for the management of different disease conditions such as bacterial infections, parasitic infections, skin diseases, hypertension, pains and inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis (Muthu et al., 2006).
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