Key Guide on Potato Farming / Business plans and Feasibility Study is all you need to get started. However, Irish potato is a temperate crop that grows better on low temperature range from 15-20C. As a matter of facts, it requires high altitude. This is why South Africa grows more on large commercial basis. Furthermore in Nigeria, Plateau State are the major producers of irish potato. Likewise, other places with high altitudes are; Mambilla Plateau, Taraba State, Obudu, and Cross River State. Irish potato farming can grow well during harmattan. Especially, when the North is generating cold. Places like; Zaria, Kaduna State, Borno and some part of Nsukka in Enugu State. Irish is a staple food classified under vegetable. And it’s highly demanded all over the globe, Nigeria not exceptional.
Irish Potato In Africa
As a matter of facts, Nigeria is the 8th producers of Irish potato in Africa. Nigeria produces about 843,000 tonnes; yet consumes more than 1 million tonnes yearly. Furthermore, Most irish potato used in most fast food joints such as Mr. Biggs and others are imported from South Africa in frozen form. It is peeled, sliced and frozen. That is why we are encouraging more entrepreneurs to invest in large-scale commercial Irish potato farming. This is to meet up with local demand and for export.
More on Irish Potato
Irish Potato are underground stem known as tuber crop and not a root. Likewise, Irish potato contains 2% protein and 18% starch. Grows well when the days are warm alongside night cold. In like manner, Irish potato can be planted in sacks and containers especially for those who are in Urban areas. This is because they can maximize little space for great results. Sack bag irish potato farming started in Israel a long time ago. it can yield 3 times more than the traditional method.
Starting Irish Potato Farming
Land Preparation for Irish Potato Farming
Irish Potato Planting
- Planting of Irish potatoes must be done during the early rains, especially around March to April. Potato is planted from the parent tuber that has sprouted into bud. Prepare the seed potato by cutting into smaller sizes about 30-35cm or 35-40cm in size. If the seed is too small it will produce weak plant use mature potato about 1 and ½:inches in diameter Place the seed potato in a warm place between 60-70°F a week to planting.
- They are ready for planting when the sprout is about ¼ – ½ long. Cut the potato into 2 parts with each having 2 buds. Put the cut potato in a place that has room temperature for 2-3days. Before planting rub or dust them in agricultural sulphur this will protect the exposed surface from fungi disease. Bury the seed potato in the furrow about 40cm deep, place the potato seed in the hole with the eyes pointing up. Cover it with sand, make it flat and water. The potato will germinate in 2 weeks by then sprouting will be very well noticeable.
- 5 weeks after planting heap sand around the potato stems. It will help the new potatoes grow out from the planted tubers. Frequently hill the plant so that the new tubers are not exposed to direct sunlight that can turn them green.
VARIETIES IRISH POTATO
As a matter of facts, there are many varieties with different skin colours, we have; red flesh, white flesh and yellow flesh. The commonest ones are; the red and the white skin but the red variety stay longer than the white. That is why you should start irish potato farming with the ones that attracts market most.
MANURE APPLICATION IN IRISH POTATOES
Apply manure 2 weeks after germination because irish potato needs nutrient to form good tubers. You can use NPK of 8:11:18
WEEDING/IRRIGATION
However, Weeding should be manual except you can carefully use herbicides to tackle them. Too much water enlarges the pores on the tuber and make them rot quickly. Water only when necessary.
PEST/DISEASES IN IRISH POTATO FARMING
- Furthermore, Pest and diseases starts their activities immediately after germination. Sucking pests such as white flies and aphids affects Irish potato seriously. Others are caterpillar, tuber moth and leaf miner. Potato blight is a fungus disease called Phytophthora infection that affects leaves and stem. Tackled it immediately you noticed their presence any delay will result in 100% damage within 5 days.
- The affected part usually show soaked dark water lesion then after few days the potato plant will appear burnt as if fire was set on it. Always spray fungicide every week. Also apply preventive fungicide when there is high humidity or fluctuating temperature sers in.
- Bacteria wilt causes extensive losses. Use herbicide such as touch down, Sevin an insecticide and neem oil Eelworm can live about 20-30 years. Plant disease and pest resistant variety. Practice rotational farming. Don’t follow potato farm with okra, pepper, egg-plant and tomatoes.
HARVESTING IRISH POTATO
If you plant in April harvest will be in August, potato matures in about 100 days depending on the variety some can be less or more. When matured the leaves will turn yellow while the foliage will die-back. Allow the potato to stay for 2-3 weeks before harvesting. So that their skin can become tough and smooth. Use hand fork, bare hands or spade to lift them from the soil. Care must be taken not to create wound on the tubers because they don’t store well. Pull the tubers from the vine and shake sand away. Yield is 50 tonnes per hectare
STORAGE OF IRISH POTATO
Don’t wash before storing because it will encourage deterioration of quality during storage. Keep the potatoes in a dry place to cure for 2 weeks, select shrivelled and soft ones out. Store in cold storage facility of 30°C it can stay for about a year in this condition.
IRISH POTATO MARKETING
Supply to supermarkets, big malls, market traders, potato chips producers, bakers who mash it for baking etc. You can frozen them and supply to fast food joints.
REASONS FOR IRISH POTATO FARMING
- It is very easy and cheap to plant
- Irish potato farming is very profitable, it sales higher than sweet potato and yam
- The demand for it is increasing by the day.
- It doesn’t require special qualification, anybody can do it.
HEALTH BENEFIT OF IRISH POTATO
- Irish Potatoes doesn’t contain cholesterol nor fat but contains low calories.
- Rich in Vitamin C, B6, Potassium, iron and fibre.
- The fibre helps blood cholesterol level.
- The potassium content helps in lowering blood pressure.
- Maintains brain and nervous health system because of Vitamin B6.
IRISH POTATO SACK FARMING
Furthermore, Mix sand and farmyard manure in th ratio of 1:1. You have to irrigate it more because the moisture retaining capacity of the natural ground cannot be compared to that of sack. But a good compost soil will increase moisture holding capacity. A sack is expected to yield 20kg. 520 sacks if well-managed will yield about 10 tonnes. You can also use container but you will have to support the plant with sticks.
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Esemdiary village is a community in Okpe Local Government Area of Delta State with coordinates 05°26’N 5°57’E, which also plays the host community to the Warri Airport, which is actually located at Osubi.
Okpe Local Government is a territory that used to be part of the original Okpe Kingdom, its headquarters is at Orerokpe, with a population of 128,398 people whose primary occupations include commercial farming, fishing, hunting, trading and gas exploration.
After carrying out the feasibility study on Esemdiary village, Off Effurun-Sapele Road, Okpe LGA of Delta state, Nigeria, it was discovered that, farming generally will do well both on crop and animal production.
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