ABSTRACT
This study investigated life , social support and religiosity as of pre-retirement anxiety among civil servants in Enugu metropolis.
Two hundred and twenty eight (228) prospective retirees comprising 145 males and 83 females, with age range of 45 to 60 years (M = 52.41; SD = 4.83) were sampled using purposive sampling .
Four were used for data collection, namely; The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SwLS), Religious Commitment Inventory (RCI-10), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and Retirement Anxiety Scale (RAS).
A cross sectional was adopted while multiple regression was applied in analyzing the data. Result revealed that life satisfaction negatively predicted pre-retirement anxiety (r = -.16, p < .05). Social support negatively predicted pre-retirement anxiety (r = -.19, p < .01).
Religious commitment did not significantly predict pre-retirement anxiety (r = -.04).
The significant prediction of pre-retirement anxiety by life satisfaction and social support indicated that people who are more satisfied in life at the verge of retirement and have good social support/network with families and friends have low anxiety towards retirement,
while those who are not satisfied in life and with poor social support/network have high levels of anxiety towards retirement. Findings were discussed based on existing literature, implications were highlighted and suggestions for further studies were made.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
Title page i
Certification ii
Dedication iii
Acknowledgments iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vii
List of Appendices viii
Abstract ix
CHAPTER ONE:INTRODUCTION 1
Statement of the Problem 10
Purpose of Study 12
Operational Definition of Terms 13
CHAPTER TWO:LITERATURE REVIEW 14
Theoretical Review 14
Continuity Theory 14
Crisis Theory 16
Cognitive Theory of Anxiety 18
Theories of Happiness 19
Life-Span Theory 21
Rational Choice Theory 22
Empirical Review 23
Life Satisfaction and Pre-retirement Anxiety 23
Social Support and Pre-retirement Anxiety 28
Religiosity and Pre-retirement Anxiety 31
Life Satisfaction, Social Support, Religiosity and Pre-retirement Anxiety 32
Summary of Literature Review 33
Hypotheses 34
CHAPTER THREE: METHOD 35
Participants 35
Instruments 36
The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SwLS) 36
Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) 37
Religious Commitment Inventory (RCI-10) 37
Retirement Anxiety Scale (RAS) 38
Validation of Instruments 39
Procedure 39
Design/Statistics 40
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS 41
Summary of Major Findings 43
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSIONS 44
Implication of the Findings 46
Limitations of the Study 48
Suggestions for Further Studies 48
Conclusion 49
References 51
Appendixes 67
INTRODUCTION
Retirement is an inevitable experience in the lives of workers. All workers must retire at one time or the other in their lives. It is an official, formal ending of a work life. It is in the actual sense, a transition from active involvement to a world of leisure.
Kim and Moen (2002) noted that an alternate definition for retirement could be “the final exit” from the workforce.
Similarly, Belsky (1990) defined retirement as a transition from the world of work into a world of less rigorous work activity and rest, especially in respect of retirement due to old age or long years of service.
Retirement is not implemented in isolation, there are some laid down assumptions of retirement due to old age. These assumptions, according to Aigbekan (2008), are not only peculiar to Nigeria, but other parts of the world.
The assumptions include: (a) workers within the age bracket 55-60years have lower productivity due to loss of effectiveness as a result of old age or ill-health.
The persons within the age bracket experience widespread difficulty with occupational mobility, because at that age, they feel less free to go on transfer or change jobs, because of immediate and extended family ties, and (c) the old workers need to give way so that the younger ones can get jobs.
Globally, retirement is one of the most challenging transitions people experience during their lifetime.
Not only are they leaving a job that they have learnt to do well, co-workers who had become friends, and structure expectations for their work day, they also may be losing the part of their self-esteem that comes from the organization (Krist-Ashman, 2007).
REFERENCES
Abdullahi, A. U. (2002, January-March). Planning for Retirement.Bank of the North News Letters, 2, 4-5.
Abolghasemi, A., &Varaniyab, S. T. (2010). Resilience and perceived stress: Predictors of life satisfaction in the students of success and failure. Procedia Social and Behavioral Science, 5, 748-752.
Adamolekun, L. (2011). Public administration in Africa main issues and selected country studies. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Ltd.
Adeoye, E. A.,&Legbara, I. (1997).Perception and preparedness of civil servants in Ilorin metropolis towards retirement.Nigerian Journal of Clinical Counselling Psychology,3(1&2),121-131.
Aigbekaen, O. E. (2008). The counsellor’s role in pre-retirement education in Nigeria. Edo Journal of Counselling, 1(1),53-67.
Ali, M. (2014).Managing post-retirement conditions in Nigeria.Journal of Good Governance and
Sustainable Development in Africa (JGGSDA),2(2), 110-121.
StudentsandScholarship Team
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