Motivations for Code Switching among Fulfulde Speakers within Yola South Local Government Area, Adamawa State

Motivations for Code Switching among Fulfulde Speakers within Yola South Local Government Area, Adamawa State.

ABSTRACT

The practice of code-switching today has become a common act in a multilingual and bilingual societies. This research attempts to investigate the possible social factors and motivations that triggers Fulfulde speakers to change from their native to English language in a conversation.

In addition, it is observed that the established relationship with other languages has tremendously contributed to the high practice of code-switching in most societies.

Also, demographic and social factors such as gender, age, educational background, advent of science and technology, exposure and socialization with other languages among others trigger speakers to switch languages.

Moreover, the study finds that most Fulfulde speakers switch languages because of reasons like; laying emphasis, quoting somebody else, reporting event as it occurred, etc. observations also show that code-switching happens naturally among speakers, it does not follow any of the strict linguistic patterns.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL PAGE………….. 3

DEDICATION……….. 4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.. 5

ABSTRACT…….. 6

List of Tables and Figures… 9

Chapter One

• Introduction…………………………… 10
• Statement of Research Problem………. 11
• Specific Objectives of the study……. 12
• Main Objectives of the Study………………… 12
• Research Questions…………….. 12
• Scope and Limitation of the Study…………… 13
• Justification………….. 13
• Definition of Terms……………. 13
• Plan of Study………….. 14

Chapter Two

• Introduction………. 15
• Code…………………… 15
• Code-switching…………… 16
• Types of Code-switching……….. 17

2. 5 Multilingual and Bilingual Code-switching……. 19

• Definitional Issues of Code-switching………. 20
• Different Patterns of Code-switching…… 21
  • Insertion……………. 21
  • Alternation……. 21
  • Congruent Lexicalization………. 21
• Motivations for Code-switching….. 22
  • Message-intrinsic Factors…………… 23
  • Situational Factors……………. 23
  • Physical Setting……….. 24
  • Stylistic Motivations……24
• Significance of Code-switching……….. 24

Chapter Three

• Introduction……. 26
• Area and Population of the Study……. 26
• Instrument and Data Collection………………. 26
  • Radio Broadcasts….. 27
  • Questionnaire………….. 28
• Data Processing….. 29
• Questionnaire Method for Data Analysis…….. 30

Chapter Four

4. 1 Analysis of Data…………….. 32
   • What are the reasons that lead to switching back and forth from Fulfulde to English language in a conversation?…… 32
   • Which parts of speech are code-switched more often in a conversation and why it is so? The data retrieved from radio records will be used to answer this research ……. 36
   • What is the sentence position of the code-switched utterance?……………… 36
   • Do social differences among code-switchers like gender, age and educational background encourage code-switching?….. 37

4.1.5.Are there any social factors that motivates code-switching among individuals?………………… 41

4.2 Discussion.. 44

Chapter Five

• Conclusion……….. 47
• Recommendation… 47

REFERENCES 48

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INTRODUCTION

Language is a unit of a cultural identity in every society. It grows as the society or the ethnic group grows or expands. It also dies if the society or the ethnic group is endangered by other languages.

Onovughe (2014) stated that; the acquisition and learning process of every language is centered on communication, as it is the basic way for transmitting values, culture and identity of the people.

Language gives detail of the world-view of its speakers, which comprises of beliefs, values, thoughts, way of living and their views about the surrounding world. Therefore, a loss in language can relate to the loss of its people, their values, cultures and identity for ever.

The most prominent problem associated with language death is the contact indigenous/native languages have with English language and other languages.

Having the ability of communicating effectively across and within the ethnic borders led to what is now known as code-switching.

Code-switching is a phenomena that has made so many speakers to know little or nothing from their native language. Inuwa, Christopher and Bakrin (2014) argue that code- switching may contribute a lot towards the loss or death of a language.

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REFERENCES

Adetuyi, C.A. Owaniyi, R.O & Adeniran, A.A. (2017). Sociolinguistic study of code-switching among Yoruba users of English language in South Western Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research. 3(9).
Aharanwa Constance U. (2012-2013). Code mixing and code switching: Linguistic behaviors in bilingual Nigeria. Journals of Nigeria Language and Culture. 13(2).
Appel, R., & Muysken, P. (2005). Code switching and code mixing. In A.Appel & P.Muysken
(Eds.).  Language  Contact  and  Bilingualism  (pp.  117-128).  Amsterdam:   Amsterdam University Press. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt45kd9z.14
Blench, R.M. (1998). The status of the language of Central Nigeria. In: Brenzinger, M. (Ed.). Endangered Languages in Africa. (pp. 187-207). Cologne: Rüdiger Köpper Verlag.
Eldin, A. (2014). Sicio linguistic study of code swiching of the Arabic language speakers on social networking. International Journal of English Linguistics 4(6), 78.