NIGERIA HISTORY FIRST
United kingdom
In England and Wales schools science is a compulsory subject in the national curriculum. All pupils from 5 to 16 years of age must study science. It is generally taught as a single subject science until sixth form, then splits into subject-specific a levels (PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY). However, the government has since expressed its desire that those pupils who achieve well at the age of 14 should be offered the opportunity to study the three separate
sciences from September 2008. In Scotland the subjects split into chemistry, physics and biology at the age of 13-15 for standard grades in these subjects, and there is also a combined science standard grade qualification which students can sit, provided their school offers it.
In September 2006 a new science programme of study known as 21st century science as introduced as a GCSE option in UK schools, to “give all 14 to 16 year olds a worthwhile and inspiring experience of science”
In the US, science education was a scatter of subjects prior to this standardization in the 1890s the development of a science curriculum in the US emerged gradually after extended debate between two ideologies, citizen science and pre-professional training. As a result of a conference of 30 leading secondary and college educators in Florida, the National Education Association appointed a Committee of Ten in 1892 which had authority to organize future meetings and appoint subject matter committees of the major subjects taught in U.S. secondary schools. The committee was composed of ten educators (all men) and was chaired by Charles Eliot of Harvard university . the committee of ten met, and appointed nine conference committees (Latin, Greek, English, other modern languages, mathematics, history, civil government and political economy , and three in science ). The three conference committees appointed for science were: physics, astronomy, and chemistry
1. Natural history
2. And geography
Each committee, appointed by the committee of ten , was composed of ten leading specialists from colleges and normal schools, and secondary schools. Each committee met in a different location in the U.S the three science committees met for three days in the Chicago area.
Committee reports were submitted to the committee of ten, which met for four days in new York, to create a comprehensive report. In 1894, the NEA published the results of work of these conference committees.
According to the committee of ten, the goal of high schools was to prepare all students to do well in life, contributing to their well being and the good of society. Another goal laws to prepare some students to succeed in college.
This committee supported the citizen science approach focused on mental training and withheld performance in science studies from consideration for college entrance. The BAAS encourage their longer standing model in the UK the US adopted a curriculum was characterized as follows:
The format of shared mental training and pre-professional training consistently dominated the curriculum from its inception to now. However, the movement to incorporate a humanistic approach, such as is science, technology, society and environment education is growing and being implemented more broadly in the late 20th century (Aikenhead , 1994). Reports by the American academy for the advancement of science (AAAS), including project 2061, and by the national committee on science education standards and assessment detail goals for science education that link classroom science to practical applications and societal implications.
Pedagogy
Whilst the public image of science education may be one of simply learning facts by rote, science education in recent history also generally concentrates on the teaching of science concepts and addressing misconceptions that learners may hold regarding science concepts or other content. Research shows l that students will retain knowledge for a longer period of time if they are involved in more hands on activities
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