Prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis and Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Workers in Two Abuja Abattoirs, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis is present in animals in most developing countries where surveillance and control activities are often inadequate or unavailable and pasteurization is rarely practiced.
In Nigeria, the disease is sporadic. The current status on the actual prevalence rate of bovine tuberculosis at a national level is unknown but from the limited survey research which has been reported over 30 years, the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis due to M. bovis ranges from 2.5% in 1976 to 14% in 2007.
The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in slaughtered cattle and assess the knowledge attitude and preventive practices of butchers and meat handlers.
A cross-sectional study was conducted at two abattoirs in Abuja, Nigeria from March 2013 – April 2013. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on social demographics, medical information, work related exposure factors and preventive practices.
The butchers and meat handler were selected by simple random sampling. Cattle slaughtered at the abattoirs were also screened for bovine tuberculosis using lateral flow technique and Ziehl Neelsen test. Bivariate and multivariate data analyses were done using Epi-info software.
Introduction
1.1 Background of Study
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious and contagious Zoonotic disease of domestic, wild animals and humans
.Human and bovine tuberculosis (BTB) are two forms of tuberculosis that cause significant disease in mammals.
It is characterized by the formation of granulomas (tubercles) in tissues and organs more significantly in lungs, lymph nodes, intestine, liver and kidneys .
Though primarily a bovine problem but infect animals causing tuberculosis in camels, pigs, sheep, goats, horses, dogs, cats, badgers, lions, elephants, deers, primates and man.
The disease is zoonotic and therefore of public health significance . Human tuberculosis is mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis but in regions where bovine tuberculosis is prevalent in animals, human tuberculosis cases due to Mycobacterium bovis may occur .
Zoonotic bovine tuberculosis is present in most developing countries where surveillance and control activities are often inadequate or unavailable.
The disease is widespread and affecting livestock and human health in Africa . It is among the fastest killer disease in Nigeria today and developing countries as a whole .
In Africa, the occurrence of tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis in human is difficult to determine accurately because of technical problems in isolating the microorganism .
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