– Prevalence of Malaria Parasite among Adult Ranges from 20 to 35 Years Old –
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ABSTRACT
Malaria is an infection caused by protozoan parasites from the plasmodium family. This study was to determined the prevalence of malaria parasite among adult, ranges from 20 to 35 years in Iquita General Hospital Oron.
Out of one hundred patient’s blood samples collected from the month of September to November, 2018 and analysed, thirty eight positive cases were detected (eighteen 18% male and twenty 20% female) and sixty two negative cases were detected (twenty two male and forty female).
In the course of this studies, the age range that had the highest prevalence was 24-27 which had fourteen 14% malaria prevalence.
The total percentages prevalence of malaria parasite in the area was thirty eight (38%). Though this study was carrying out during the dry season, poor environmental sanitation favored the breeding of mosquitoes in the study area.
Here there is need for more awareness campaign and education at the rural communities on regular environmental sanitation, and use of treated insecticide net.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Cover page
Title page – – – – – – – – i
Certification – – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgement – – – – – – – iv
Table of content – – – – – – – v
Abstract – – – – – – –
CHAPTER ONE
- Introduction – – – – – – – 1
1.1 Background of the study – – – – – 2
1.2 Purpose of the study – – – – – 3
CHAPTER TWO
- Literature Review – – – – – – 4
- Development of Malaria Parasite in Man – – 4
- Causes of malaria – – – – – – 5
- Symptom of malaria in adult – – – – 7
- Transmission of malaria – – – – – 8
- Prevention of malaria – – – – – 9
- Diagnosis of malaria – – – – – 10
- Complication of malaria – – – – 11
CHAPTER THREE
- Population of the study – – – – – 12
- Instrument for data collection – – – 12
- Method of data analysis – – – – – 13
- Samples procedure – – – – – 13
- Thick film preparation – – – – – 13
- Thin film preparation – – – – – 14
- Staining of thick and thin blood film – – 14
- Interpretation of result – – – – – 15
- Precaution – – – – – – – 15
CHAPTER FOUR
Result
Table 4.1 – – – – – – – 17
Table 4.2- – – – – – – – 17
Figure 4:1- – – – – – – – 18
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Discussion of the result – – – – – 19
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – 21
5.3 Recommendation – – – – – – 22
References
INTRODUCTION
Malaria is a mosquito borne blood diseases which can be life threatening if left untreated, it is an acute and chronic disease caused by parasite called plasmodium (Eneanta 2013), The Anopheles mosquito is responsible for the transmission of malaria in human (Churchill 2015).
Malaria has also been one of the world’s worst diseases in terms of death annually.
Malaria parasite was discovered by Alphonse Laveran, a military physician working in Constantine Algeria (Ksogstad, 2014). Malaria is a preventable and treatable disease of public health.
According to the report on august 16, 2018, by Dr. Charles Crutchfield, mosquito is a carrier of a parasite that is in the saliva of the mosquito when mosquito bite humans, they inject a unique anticoagulant contained in their saliva into bite site, so that they can be drinking the blood without clotting.
The saliva of an infected mosquito also contains the protozoan parasite that cause malaria.
The parasite enters the blood of a human from the infected mosquito bite, when the parasite infects red blood cells, parasite will released from the red blood cells into blood streams, it travels to the liver where it grow and matures.
After maturation the parasite move from liver back to the bloodstream and infect the red blood cells and destroys red blood cells, but some strains of the parasite can lay dormant in the liver up to a year or more.
The infected red blood cells burst at the intervals of 24 to 48 hours and keep releasing more parasite till an effective treatment is administered. The life cycle of malaria parasite involves the cycle in man and cycle in mosquito (Obueh 2015).
REFERENCES
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Caraballo, H. (2014) Emergency Department Management of mmosquito borne illness. Malaria, dengue, and west mile virus” Emergency Medicine Practice. 16(5)
Centers for disese control and prevention (2013), Health information for international travel 2013. Yellow book (Accessed on August 19, 2015)
Ekanem J, O. (2013), malaria in Nigeria: Epidemiology and control. Nigeria bulletin of epidemiology, vol. 1(3) 2-10, 4-5.
Ekaette Etefia (2015), Introduction to Medical laboratory Science study guide
Furhurst, R. Nayyor, G, and Breman,J. (2014), Artemisinim resistant malaria: Research challenges, Opportunities, and Public Health implications American journal of Tropical medicine, 87(2); 231-41.
Gramicia B. (2014) The Recent History of Malaria Control and its Eradication, Philadelphia; Churchill Livingstone, p,1335
Ochei, A. Kolhatkar (2016). Medical Laboratory Science theory and practice Published by the Tata Mc Graw-Hill company Limited.
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