– Comparative Economic Analysis of Maize Production Under Reduced And Conventional Tillage In Some Selected Local Government Areas Of Kaduna State –
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ABSTRACT
This research is a comparative economic analysis of maize production under reduced and conventional tillage system in some selected local government areas of Kaduna state.
A sample of 73 maize farmers were selected through simple random sampling technique as reduced tillage farmers and another set of 73 maize farmers were selected and grouped as conventional tillage maize farmers.
Two sets of data were obtained fromeach of the two groups. The primary data were collected using structured questionnaireadministered on the farmer based on information at 2012 cropping season.
The tools ofanalysis used were descriptive statistics, net farm income, multiple regression modeland single difference estimator (SDE).
The results revealed that the average yields of reducedand conventional tillage were found to be 2512kg/ha and 2478kg/ha respectively.
The mean net farm income for reduced tillage maize farmers was N110,513.56/ha while theconventional tillage maize farmers was N87,165.10/ha.
The Ordinary Least SquareRegression results revealed that the R2was 0.40 and 0.5 which implies that 40% and50% of the variation in the adoption was explained by the independent variablesincluded inthe model.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page – – – – – – – – – i
Declaration – – – – – – – – – ii
Certification- – – – – – – – – – iii
Dedication- – – – – – – – – – iv
Acknowledgement- – – – – – – – – v
Abstract- – – – – – – – – – vii
Table of contents- – – – – – – – – viii
List of Tables– – – – – – – – – xii
Chapter One– – – – – – – – – 1
INTRODUCTION- – – – – – – – 1
1.1 Background of the Study – – – – – – – 1
1.2 Problem Statement- – – – – – – – 3
1.3 Objectives of the Study- – – – – – – – 4
1.4 Justification of the Study- – – – – – – 5
1.5 Hypothesis Testing- – – – – – – – 6
Chapter Two – – – – – – – – – 7
LITERATURE REVIEW- – – – – – – 7
2.1 The concept of Tillage- – – – – – – – 7
2.2 Effects of Tillage on soil Production- – – – – – 8
2.3 Reduced Tillage System– – – – – – – 9
2.3.1 Conventional Tillage System- – – – – – – 11
2.4 Advantages of Reduced Tillage over Conventional Tillage – – 11
2.5 Effects of Tillage on Maize Production – – – – – 14
2.6 Needs for the Appropriate Technology for farmers in Nigeria – – 15
2.7 Socio- Economic factors Associated with the Adoption of Improved
Agricultural practices- – – – – – – – 15
2.8 Production Cost – – – – – – – – 22
2.9 Profitability Analysis (Net Farm Income) – – – – 23
2.10 Concept of Adoption Process- – – – – – – 24
2.10.1 Stages of Adoption – – – – – – – – 24
2.11 Impact Evaluation – – – – – – – 27
2.12 Single Difference Estimator – – – – – – – 27
2.13 Z- Test – – – – – – – – – – 29
Chapter Three– – – – – – – – – 30
METHODOLOGY- – – – – – – – 30
3.1 Description of the Study area- – – – – – – 30
3.2 Sampling Procedure and Sample Size – – – – – 32
3.3 Method of Data Collection- – – – – – – 33
3.4 Analytical tools– – – – – – – – 34
3.4.1 Descriptive statistics- – – – – – – – 35
3.4.2 Net Farm Income – – – – – – 35
3.4.3 Multiple Regression Model – – – – – – 35
3.4.4 Single Difference Estimator (SDE) – – – – – 36
3.4.5 Z – Statistics- – – – – – – – – 37
Chapter Four– – – – – – – – – 38
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION- – – – – – 38
4.1 Level of Adoption of reduced tillage by the Respondents – – – 38
4.2 Inputs and Outputs level– – – – – – – 39
4.3 Cost and return analysis — – – – – – – 42
4.3.1 Fixed items – – – – – – – – 42
4.3.2 Costs – – – – – – – – 43
4.3.3 Returns from Maize production under reduced and conventional Tillage system – – – – – – – – 44
4.4 Factors Influencing the Adoption of Reduced Tillage System – – 47
4.5 Effects of reduced tillage system on income – – – – 50
4.6 Challenges faced by maize farmers – – – – – 50
Chapter Five – – – – – – – – – 54
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS- – – 54
5.1 Summary– – – – – – – – – 54
5.2 Conclusion- – – – – – – – – 55
5.3 Recommendations- – – – – – – – 55
5.4 Contribution to knowledge – – – – – – 56
REFERENCES- – – – – – – – – 57
APPENDIX- – – – – – – – – – 63
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Agriculture had remained the mainstay of the Nigeria economy since independence. Inspite of its relegation in term of export earning and terms of trade, it still employs atleast 70% of the rural labour force and generates an average of 40% of the GrossDomestic Product (GDP) per annum (Isyaku, 2012).
It is estimated that more than 70%of Nigeria population depends on agriculture for its livelihood; increasing human population has placed severe pressures on arable land resulting in the gradual extinction of the shifting cultivation systems and leading to more intensive use of the land for crop production.
This has led to farmers growing maize on the same piece of land year inyear out (Findlay, 2003).Tillage is the process of creating a suitable environment such as seedbed/rootbed forseeds germination, seedling establishment and its satisfactory development up to harvest(Rufino, 2010).
It involves physical or chemical process of creating a suitableenvironment for seeds germination and seedling establishment.
REFERENCES
Adams, M.E. (1982). Agricultural Extension in Developing Countries. U.K. England,Longman Group Ltd. p.35Adekoya, S. F. and Tologogbonse, E. B. (2005).
Adoption and Diffusion ofInnovations. In Adedoyin, F. S. (ed), Agricultural Extension in Nigeria,published by Agricultural and Rural Development Training Institute (ARMTI)Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria: 29-37.
Adeniji, O.B. (1995). The impact of mass media on adoption of agricultural innovationin Kaduna State. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Department of AgriculturalEconomics and Rural Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Adeolu, B. A. (1990).The Economic of Cassava Production, Processing in Oyo NorthArea of Oyo state, M.Sc Thesis, Department Of Agricultural Extension,Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Osun State.
Agbamu, J.U. (1993).“Analysis of farmers‟ characteristics associated with adoption ofsoil management innovation in Ikorodu LGA of Lagos State”. The NigerianJournal of Rural Extension and Development: 1 (2): 57 – 67.
Ahmed M. and Amaryah.B. (2006). Adoption Conservation Tillage (No-tillage) as aMeans of Saving Labour Cost in Maize Production in Giwa L.G.A.Unpublished B.Sc. Project, Department of Agricultural Economics and RuralSociology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
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