Effect of Particle Size on Oil Yield Using Scent Bean Seed (‘Ozaki’).
ABSTRACT
This project was done to extract and characterize bean oil according to their particle sizes. The experiment was carried out using scent bean (i.e. ‘Ozaki’, ‘Ijilizi’or ‘Azamu’) as sample. The oils were extracted by solvent extraction /leaching extraction using n-hexane.
From observation, it was noticed that as the diameter of the sieve decreased, the quantity of oil obtained increased. Proximate analysis was carried out to obtain percentage moisture content, ash content, total oil content, protein content and carbohydrate content of the extracted oils.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page………………………………………………………. i
Certification……………………………………………………ii
Dedication……………………………………………………… iii
Acknowledgement…………………………………………….. iv
Abstract………………………………………………………… v
Table of contents………………………………………………. vi
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction……………………………………………………..1
Background of study…………………………………………….1
Problem of statement…………………………………………….4
Objectives of study……………………………………………
Significance of study…………………………………………….5
Justification of study…………………………………………….6
CHAPTER TWO
Literature review………………………………………………7
Preamble……………………………………………………….7
Importance of oils………………………………………………8
Proximate composition of oil…………………….…………….10
Moisture content …………………………….…………………11
Ash content………………………………………………………11
Crude protein……………………………………………………12
Crude fat…………………………………………………………12
Crude fibre………………………………………………………13
Carbohydrate…………………………………………………….13
Concept of vegetable oil extract
The role of moisture and temperature in oil extraction………….14
Traditional extraction of vegetable oil………………….………..16
Solvent extractions of vegetable oil/leaching method…………….17
Solvent characteristics……………………………………………18
Mechanical expression of vegetable oil…………..………………22
Quality oil assessment……………………………………………23
Objective method of assessing oil quality………………………..24
Properties of oil…………………………………………………..25
CHAPTER THREE
Materials and method……………………………………………..28
Raw materials and equipment used……………………………….28
Equipment…………………………………………………………29
Reagent ……………………………………………………………29
Oil extraction and separation experiments…………………………29
CHAPTER FOUR
Result and discussion………………………………………………31
Experimental results……………………………………………….31
CHAPTER FIVE
Conclusion and recommendation……………………………………37
Appendixes…………………………………………………………..39
References……………………………………………………………42
INTRODUCTION
There has been an increase in the world production of oilseeds over the last thirty years (Murphy, 1994); this would appear to be related to the increasing demand for oilseed products and by-products as oilseeds are primarily grown for their oil and meal.
Oils from most edible oilseeds are used in the food industry, though there is the growing emphasis on industrial utilization as feedstock for several industries with about 80% of the world production of vegetable oils for human consumption
According to Rajagopal et al. (2005), bio-oils from oilseeds are used as Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO) or as biodiesel (transesterified oil) depending on the type of engine and level of a blend of the oil; scent bean oil i.e. Ozaki, Ijiliji, or Azamu is found mainly in the South-East of Nigeria and is not an exception.
This phenomenon has created a school of thought that it is better to use oilseeds as bio-fuel, which will lessen the competition for fossil fuels, which are not renewable. Fossil fuels are not only costly in terms of price but are also costly to the environment as they degrade the land.
REFERENCES
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Aurand, L.W., Wood, A. E., Wells, M. R. (1987). Food composition and analysis.Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Dagne K., and Jonsson A., 1997. Oil content and fatty acid composition of seeds of Guizotia Cass., (Compositae). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture.
Lusas, E. W., Watkins, I. R., Koseoglu, S. S. (1991). Isopropyl alcohol to be tested as solvent. INFORM, 2 (11), 970, 972-973, 976.
Murphy D. J. (1994). Designer Oil Crops. VCH Press, Weinheim.
Nielson, S. S. (1994). Introduction to the chemical analysis of foods. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 93-207.
NRI (Natural Resources Institute) (1995). Small Scale Vegetable Oil Extraction. pp. 105.
Pomeranz, Y., Meloan, E. C. (1987). Food Analysis: Theory and Practices. 2nd ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, pp. 581-765.
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