In Vitro Production of Anthocyanins in Karandafi Red Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (l.) Moench).
ABSTRACT
This study was undertaken to produce and quantify anthocyanins in Karadanfi red sorghum in vitro. Mature embryo and immature embryo explants were used for callus induction using Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with varying concentrations of 2, 4-D (0 mg/L – 4.0 mg/L) alone or in combination with 0.5 mg/L KN.
Immature embryo was used for regeneration using MS media supplemented with BA (0 mg/L – 3 mg/L) alone or in combination with 2, 4-D (0.1 mg/L). The calli obtained were sub cultured on the media fortified with BA (0 mg/L – 2 mg/L) and NAA (0.2 mg/L) for anthocyanins production.
Results indicated highly significant difference for percentage callus formation, callus fresh weight, total and monomeric anthocyanins. Significant differences were also observed for percentage shoot initiation.
Medium fortified with 2 mg/L 2, 4-D alone or in combination with 0.5 mg/L kinetin was found to be optimum for callus induction. It was observed from this study that more 3-deoxyanthocyanindin can be obtained from in vitro grown sorghum at callus stage.
The highest level of anthocyanin was produced in this study using MS media fortified with 1.0 mg/L BA. It is therefore concluded that in vitro system is suitable for the production of anthocyanin pigment in Karandafi red sorghum.
INTRODUCTION
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is an annual plant that belongs to the family “Poaceae” Sorghum is an important cereal crop grown in the semi-arid tropics of Africa and Asia due to its drought tolerance capability.
It is well adapted to a wide range of soil types and environmental conditions (Sudhakararao, 2011). It is the fifth most important cereal crop in the world after rice, maize, wheat and barley, and is the dietary staple of more than half a billion people in over 30 countries (ICRISAT, 2010).
Sorghum species is one of the main foods that is widely consumed in Nigeria. Different parts of the crop are widely used in traditional medicine.
Sorghum bicolor is a rich source of various phytochemicals including tannins, phenolic acids,anthocyanins, phytosterols and policosanols (Sudhakar et al., 2008).These phytochemicals have significant impact on human health.
However, recent studies suggest that this local ingredient could be the “cure all” medical scientists have been searching for (Cyrilolutayo et al., 2009).
Anti-cancer, anti-diarrhoea, anti-microbial, anti-anaemic, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, anti-tryosinase, anti-lipidemic activities, sedative effect as well as anti sickle cell disorder of Sorghum bicolor extracts were reported by Lim (2013).
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