Infant and Child Mortality Differentials in Chikun Local Government Area, Kaduna State

 – Infant and Child Mortality Differentials in Chikun Local Government Area, Kaduna State –

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ABSTRACT

The study aimed to analyze infant and child mortality differentials in Chikun Local Government Area, Kaduna State-Nigeria. The objectives were to determine the rate, examine the factors affecting, analyse the socioeconomic and demographic determinants and assess the urban-rural differentials in infant and child mortality.

A study design was adopted, semi-structured questionnaire was developed and administered to 384 women in reproductive age (15-49) purposively sampled for the study through in-depth interviews and household case studies. 354 questionnaires were returned and found adequate for the analysis indicating a completion rate of 92.2 percent. The questionnaires were analysed using SPSS version 17.0.

The results  indicate that infant and child mortality rate is higher in the urban area (97.2 percent) among mothers who are married. Most (88.9 percent) of those with post secondary education in the urban area experienced mortality cases, while the highest mortality rate (44.6 percent) occurred among the adolescent mothers in the rural area.

It is therefore recommended that programme interventions need to focus on mothers, particularly at the low socioeconomic level. That is, adolescent girls should be encouraged to go to school to at least secondary level. This will increase age at first birth and reduce child death at first birth order. Health services should be brought nearer to the communities  so that mothers have access to both during pregnancy and after.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title page…………….. i

Declaration……….. iii

Certification……. iv

Dedication……………………….. iv

Acknowledgement……….. v

Table Of Contents……………….. viii

List Of Tables……………. x

List Of Figures………………. xi

Abstract…………. xii

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

• Background to the Study….. 1
• Statement of the Research Problem……… 4
• Aim and Objectives……………… 9
• Hypothesis………………………… 9
• Significance of the Study……….. 9
• Scope of the Study…………………. 10

CHAPTER TWO: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND LITERATURE REVIEW

• Introduction………….. 12
• Conceptual Framework……. 12
• Socioeconomic determinants of Child Survival…………… 13
• Bio-demographic determinants of Child Survival……… 19
• Health seeking behaviour as a determinant of Child Survival……. 23

CHAPTER THREE: THE STUDY AREA AND METHODOLOGY

• The Study Area………….. 26
  • Location……………… 24
  • Geology and Relief………. 26
  • Climate……. 26
  • Soils 27
  • Vegetation……………. 28
  • Historical growth and development…….. 28
  • Socio-economic activities…… 29
  • Population growth and distribution………… 30
• Methodology……….. 31
  • Sources of Data…….. 31
  • Types of Data…….. 32
  • Sampling design and technique……… 32
  • Method of data analysis…… 35

CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

• Introduction…………….. 36
• Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Respondents…… 36
  • Age of Respondents……………. 36
  • Age at First Marriage………… 37
  • Age at First Birth…………………….. 38
  • Marital Status and Type of Marital Union….. 39
  • Ethnicity and Religion…… 40
  • Educational Attainment…… 42
  • Occupation……….. 43
  • Income levels………. 44
  • Household Size……….. 45
  • Place of Residence………. 45
  • Antenatal Care………… 47
• Infant and Child Mortality among respondents………. 48
  • Bivariate Analysis of Infant and Child Mortality Differentials…… 49
  • Infant/Child Mortality by Marital Status…………… 51
  • Infant/Child Mortality by Age at First Birth……… 52
  • Infant/Child Mortality with Educational Attainment……….. 54
  • Infant/Child Mortality by Income………. 57
  • Infant/Child Mortality with Children Ever Born (CEB)…….. 59
  • Infant/Child Mortality and Children Surviving…….. 61
• Urban-Rural Differentials in Infant and Child Mortality…. 63

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

• Summary and Findings………….. 68
• Conclusion…………. 70
• Recommendation…………. 71

References… 73

Appendices…. 71

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INTRODUCTION 

Infant and child mortality are commonly on top of the agenda of Public health and International development agencies. Recently they have received renewed attention as part of the United Nation‟s Millennium Development Goals (Mahfouz, Surur, Ajak, and Eldawi, 2009).

Approximately 10.8million children worldwide die annually, 41 percent of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa and 34 percent in South Asia (UNICEF, 2007). The global death toll in young children has fallen dramatically in the past half-century.

Infant and child mortality rates have declined since 1990, which is the baseline for the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) targets. The drop has been greater in East Asia and the Pacific, Latin America and the Caribbean and Europe  where estimated infant and child mortality in 2006 was about half that in 1990.

Over the same period, infant and child mortality have fallen only fourteen percent in sub-Saharan Africa. Africa as a whole recorded the most sluggish decline in child mortality among the six WHO regions, 42 percent compared with 60-72 percent from other regions (UNICEF, 2007).

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REFERENCES

Adetunji, J. A. (1995). What Mortality and Mothers Education in Ondo State Nigeria. Social Science and Medicine, 40(2):253-263.
Adetunji, J.A. (1994). Infant Mortality in Nigeria: Effects of place of birth, mother‟s education and region of residence.” Journal of Biological Science, 26:469-477.
Ahmed, H. S. M. and Hussein, M. A. (2010), “Infant and child Mortality in Sudan: Case central region. Journal of US-China public Administration, 7(3): 84 – 96.
Ahonsi, B.A (1992). Developmental Implications of Early Mortality Factors in Nigeria.
Journal of Social Development, 7(1):67-85.
Akoto, E. and Tambashe, B. O. (2002). Socioeconomic Inequalities in Infant and Child Mortality among Urban and Rural Areas in sub-Sahara Africa.
Auwal, S. B. (2008). Patterns of infant mortality in Angwan Rogo, Jos. Unpublished B.Sc Project, Department of Geography, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria.

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