– Influence of Instructional Materials on the Academic Performance of Students in Agricultural Science in Secondary Schools in Kwara State, Nigeria –
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ABSTRACT
The study examined the availability of instructional materials, its adequacy and relevancy; characteristics of instructional materials, importance of instructional materials, and factors affecting the use of instructional materials on students’ academic performance in agricultural science.
This study made use of Survey Research Design. Thirty (30) Government and private secondary schools were used. It had the population of 8,142 agricultural science students and 73 agricultural science teachers. Sample of 206 students were randomly selected with 30 agricultural science teachers.
The instrument used for collection of data was a questionnaire designed by the researcher for the teachers and students of agricultural science.
The instrument used in this study was vetted by the supervisors and experts in the field of measurement and evaluation in the Faculty of Education to determine the face and content validity of the instrument.
The data collected for the pilot study was used to calculate the reliability coefficient using split-half method and also Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r), which gave 0.87. Four research questions and four null hypotheses (Ho) were formulated to guide the study.
Contingency chi-square statistical tool was used in testing the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The analysis yielded the following findings that good and relevant textbooks were the instructional materials available to be used to influence students academic performance in agricultural science.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE … … … … i
DECLARATION … … … … ii
CERTIFICATION … … … … iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS … … … … iv
ABSTRACT … … … … v
TABLE OF CONTENTS … … … … vi
LIST OF TABLES … … … … x
LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS … … xii
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS … … xiii
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study … … … 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem … … … 4
1.3 Objectives of the Study … … … 6
1.4 Research Questions … … … 7
1.5 Research Hypotheses … … … … 7
1.6 Significance of the Study … … … 8
1.7 Assumptions of the Study … … … 9
1.8 Delimitation of the Study … … … 10
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Theoretical Framework … … … 11
2.2 Types of Instructional Materials … … 12
2.2.1 Models and Specimens … … … 13
2.2.2 The Chalkboard … … … … 15
2.2.3 Charts and Graphs … … … … 16
2.2.4 Maps, Atlases and Textbooks… … … … 17
2.2.5 Practical School Farm … … … … 18
2.2.6 Secondary School Agricultural Science Materials … 20
2.2.7 Community Resources … … … 22
2.3 Characteristics of Instructional Materials … … 23
2.4 Importance and Uses of Instructional Materials … 26
2.5 Factors Affecting Instructional Materials Usage … 30
2.5.1 Problems Militating Against Effective Use of Agricultural
Instructional Materials … … … 32
2.5.2 Criteria for Selecting and Evaluating
Instructional Materials … … … 34
2.6 Empirical Studies … … … 36
2.7 Summary of the Literature Reviewed … … … 41
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design … … … … 43
3.2 Population for the Study … … … 44
3.3 Sample Size and Sampling Procedure … … 45
3.4 Instrument for Data Collection … … … 47
3.4.1 Validation of the Instrument … … … … 48
3.4.2 Pilot Study … … … … 48
3.4.3 Reliability of the Instrument … … … … 49
3.5 Procedure for Data Collection … … … 49
3.6 Procedure for Data Analysis … … … … 50
CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION AND DATA ANALYSIS
4.1 Demographic Variables of Respondents … … 52
4.2 Analyses of Data to Answer the Research Questions … … 54
4.2.1 Research Question One … … … 54
4.2.2 Research Question Two … … … 58
4.2.3 Research Question Three … … … 60
4.2.4 Research Question Four … … … 63
4.3 Testing of Null Hypotheses … … … 66
4.3.1 Null Hypothesis One … … … 67
4.3.2 Null Hypothesis Two … … … 67
4.3.3 Null Hypothesis Three … … … 68
4.3.4 Null Hypothesis Four … … … 69
4.3.5 Major Findings … … … … 70
4.4 Discussion of Findings … … … 70
CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary … … … 73
5.2 Conclusion … … … … 73
5.3 Recommendations … … … … 74
5.4 Limitation of the Study … … … 75
5.5 Suggestions for Further Studies … … 75
REFERENCES … … … … 77
INTRODUCTION
The influence of instructional materials in promoting students’ academic performance and teaching and learning in educational development is indisputable. The teaching of Agricultural Science in Nigerian secondary schools needs to be properly handled.
Agriculture contributes to the nation’s economic development, hence, the need to be taught thoroughly if it is to meet the educational and economic development.
Moreso, that Agricultural Science is one of the subjects in Junior and Senior Secondary Schools; and as a vocational subject, it cannot be taught effectively without the use of appropriate instructional materials (Ajayi, 1988).
The curriculum content of the senior secondary school levels consists of three major concepts of production, protection and economics.
Learning by doing was emphasized in the curriculum so that the students should be able to produce food and other agricultural products for themselves and their community. A series of activities were suggested in the curriculum to ensure the development of psychomotor skills in agricultural science by the students.
REFERENCES
Abdulkareem, A.Y. (1992). Issues in Nigeria Education. Ilorin: Kewulere Press.
Abdullahi, A. (1985): “A Study of the Relationship between Interest in Science and Science Curriculum Material.” Journal of Researchers in Curriculum, 2, (4), 20-22.
Abioye, J.A. (1999). Teacher Planning and Teaching Effectiveness. Ilorin: Almour International.
Adekomi, A.A. (1986). Instructional Capacities of Media and Utilization Guidelines. Journal of Teachers Education, 2(1), 152-157.
Adeyemi, E. (2000). A Survey of Instructional Problems in Teaching of Agricultural Science in Selected Secondary Schools in Kwara State. Unpublished M.Ed thesis, UNAD – Nigeria.
Adeyemo, P.O. (1985). Principles and Practice of Education. Ado-Ekiti: Omolayo Standard Press, Nigeria.
Ajibade, A. (1997). Principles and Practice of Educational Technology. Ilorin: International Publishers Limited.
StudentsandScholarship Team.
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