Marketing of Processed Catfish in Kaduna-metropolis Kaduna State, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
The main focus of this study was to evaluate marketing of processed catfish in KadunaMetropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 152 respondents using structured questionnaire. The statistical tools used to analyse the data were descriptive statistics, gini coefficient, marketing margin analysis and marketing efficiency. The average age of the marketers was 33 years.
The result also indicates 98% of the marketers had formal education with an average marketing experience of 2 years. The result revealed that about 46.7%of the consumer had preference for processed catfish. Total revenue (TR) of catfish marketing was ₦209, 245.80 and average total cost (ATC) was ₦192, 905.33 in central market Kaduna the cost of marketing services of anguwan Sarki and Kakuri was ₦1,521.00 and ₦1,253.00 with the level of marketing efficiencies of 0.62% and 0.50% respectively.
The result of Gini coefficient value 0.7699, implying high level of disparity among the marketers. The study revealed that about 70.4% of the respondents indicates price fluctuation as the major constraint encountered. Catfish marketers should be encouraged to form cooperative societies to enable them solve some of their financial obstacle and easy access to other incentives from the government and non-governmental organization.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page ………………………………………………………………. i
Declaration ………………………………………………………………. ii
Certification ………………………………………………………………. iii
Dedication ……………………………………………………………… iv
Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………… v
Table of contents ……………………………………………………… vii
List of Tables …………………………………………………………….. x
List of Figures ……………………………………………………………… xi
List of appendices ……………………………………………………….. xii
Abstract …………………………………………………………………….. xiii
CHAPTER ONE ……………………………………………………… 1
INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………… 1
1.1 Background of the Study ……………………………………… 1
1.2 Problem Statement ……………………………………………… 4
1.3 Objectives of the Study ……………………………………………………. 5
1.4 Justification of the Study ……………………………………………. 6
CHAPTER TWO ………………………………………………………………………… 7
LITERATURE REVIEW ……………………………………………….. 7
2.1 Economic Importance of Catfish ……………………………… 7
2.2 Catfish Production in Nigeria – ……………………………… 7
2.3 Fish demand and supply in Nigeria ……………………………… 9
2.4 Marketing system ………………………………………………. 10
2. 4.1 Marketing channel ……………………………………………… 11
2. 4.2 Marketing structure and conducts ……………………………… 12
2.4.2.1 Market structure ……………………………………………… 12
2.4.2.2 Market performance ……………………………………………… 15
2.4.3 Concept of marketing efficiency ……………………………… 17
2.4.4 Concept of Marketing Margin ……………………………… 19
2.4.5 Empirical Studies on Marketing Margin and Efficiency ……… 19
2.4.6 Review of empirical studies on catfish farming …………………… 20
2.5. Factors affecting market supply ………………………………. 22
2.6 Farm profitability analysis ………………………………………. 25
CHAPTER THREE …………………………………………………………………………. 27
METHODOLOGY ………………………………………………………………………… 27
3.1. Description of the Study Area ……………………………………… 27
3.2. Sampling Procedure ……………………………………………………………… 29
3.3. Data Collection ……………………………………………… 30
3.4. Analytical Techniques ……………………………………… 30
3.4.1 Descriptive Statistics ……………………………………… 30
3.4.2 Gini Coefficient ……………………………………………… 30
3.4.3 Marketing Margin (MM) Analysis ………………………………. 32
3.4.4 Marketing Efficiency (ME) ……………………………………… 33
CHAPTER FOUR ………………………………………………………………………….. 34
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION …………………………………………………… 34
4.1 Socio-economic Characteristics of catfish marketers in the Study Area 34
4.1.1 Age distribution of catfish marketers – ………………………. 34
4.1.2. Gender of the catfish marketers ……………………………… 35
4.1.3 Distribution of catfish marketers according to marital status
in the study Areas ………………………………………………… 36
4.1.5 Educational level of the respondents …………………………………… 37
4.1.7 Distribution of catfish marketers according to the year of experience 39
4.1.8 Marketers cooperative association …………………………………. 40
4.2 Consumer preferences for catfish marketers ……………………… 41
4.2.1 Average cost and return of Catfish marketing in Kaduna central market 42
4.1.3 Average cost and return of Catfish marketing Kantin Kwari market 43
4.2.4 Average cost and return of Catfish Marketing Kwari Market Kaduna 44
4.2.5 Average cost and return of Catfish marketing Malali market . 45
4.2.6 Average cost and return of Catfish Marketing Kateru Market . 46
4.2.7 Average cost and return of Catfish Marketing Anguwan sarki Market 47
4.2.8. Average cost and return of Catfish Marketing kakuri Market ….…… 48
4.3 Marketing margin ……………………………………………… 49
4.3.1 Marketing efficiency ……………………………………………… 51
4.3.2 Market Concentration of processed catfish Marketers ……… 53
4.4 Constraints of Catfish fish marketing ……………………………….. 56
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, & RECOMMENDATIONS – ……… 56
5.1 Summary ……………………………………………………… 56
5.2. Conclusion ……………………………………………………… 57
5.3 Contribution to knowledge ……………………………………… 58
5.4 Recommendations ……………………………………………… 59
REFERENCES ………………………………………………………. 60
INTRODUCTION
Agriculture in Nigeria is dominated by the small-scale farmers who are engaged in the production of the bulk of food requirements of the country (Asogwa et al., 2006). In spite of the fact that these small scale farmers occupy a unique and pivotal position, they belong in the poorest group of the population and as such cannot invest much on their farms Asogwa et al. (2006). According to Ajibefun (2002), the vicious circle of poverty among these farmers has led to the unimpressive performance of the agricultural sector.
Thus, resources must be used much more efficiently, which entails eliminating waste, thereby leading to increase in productivity and incomes (Ajibefun and Daramola, 2003). Nigeria, like some other developing countries is principally an agrarian nation who still face an ever increasing food crisis as the level of food production is yet to keep pace with demand. There is worsening food insecurity, even with massive food importation as evidenced by rising food import bill (Okoye, et al., 2008).
Akinsanmi (2009) reported that Nigeria is one of the worst hit countries globally given her unprecedented level of acute food shortage and its accompanying ravaging malnutrition. Though endowed with vast expanse of arable land for crop production and fresh waters for fish breeding, reports still show that Africa’s largest country cannot produce food crops her population requires and had thus been depending on food importation to meet her domestic demands (Adepoju and Awodunmuyila, 2008).
In the face of strong consumer demand and dwindling global fish stocks, the Government of Nigeria at various levels (federal, state and local) has been collaborating with local and external stakeholders to increase supply through aquaculture which has been proven to possess high yield potentials to meet the current national demand of about 2.6 million metric tonnes estimated for 2007 (Osawe, 2011).
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StudentsandScholarship Team.
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