Plasma Biochemistry, Haematological and Biometric Parameters of Protopterus Annectens Of Anambra River, Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Biochemical, haematological and biometric studies of the African lungfish, Protopterus annectens were carried out in order to establish their mean and reference values which would serve as baseline data for assessment of the health status of the fish as well as reference point for future comparative surveys. The study was carried out between March and August, 2015.
In the present study, blood was analyzed using standard techniques, and differences in haematological parameters including haemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were determined.
Biochemical parameters such as alkaline phosphate (ALP), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), total protein, albumin, globuline, glucose, cholesterol level, and urea were determined. Biometric parameters such as condition factor (K), hepatosomatic index, and gonadosomatic index were also determined.
These haematological, biochemical and biometric parameters of fish were compared according to sex and seasons. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in ALP, AST, ALT, Protein, PCV, RBC, WBC, Hb and MCV, between sex and season.
The results indicated that blood parameter level such as PCV, RBC, WBC, Hb, MCV, and MCHC between sexes in dry season were significantly different from those measured in wet seasons. The result also indicated that there were significant (P < 0.05) differences in condition factor (K), hepatosomatic index (HSI) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) between the seasons.
There were no significant differences in MCH and MCHC values between the sexes. The values of WBC and PCV were found to be higher in female fish especially in dry season, while the level of haemoglobin and MCV values were higher in male Protopterus annectens.
INTRODUCTION
It is recognized that the blood component value exhibit genetic and physiological variations. The genetic variation may be due to site-specific factors within species. Blood comprises 1.3-7% of the total body weight of fish and it represent one of the most active components that contribute to metabolic processes by ensuring gas exchange between the organism and the environment.
For this reason, blood parameters are increasingly used as indicators of the physiological condition of sub-lethal stress response in fish to endogenous or exogenous change (Belanger et al., 2001; Mohammadizadeh et al., 2012). In live fish, heamatology and plasma biochemistry provide a minimally invasive tool that can support health of fish, especially in relation to determining potential effects associated with such factors as pollution, disease, age, sex, seasonality and reproduction (Pradhan et al., 2012).
Changes in hematological parameters depend upon the aquatic biotope, fish species, age, sexual maturity and health status. The evaluation of physiological condition of fish depends on the availability of reference values. These should be as close as possible to normal values of various blood components considered as reliable descriptors of healthy fish under natural conditions (Pradhan et al., 2012).
It is clear that the environment in which fish live influences the metabolic content in blood. Thus, haematological, biochemical and biometric parameters are closely related to the response of the animal to the environment, an indication that the environment where fishes live could exert some influence on the heamatological characteristics (Gabriel et al., 2012).
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StudentsandScholarship Team.
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