RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY: PRIMARY HEALTH CARE FINANCING IN NIGERIA

            This chapter explains how the researcher carried out the research project under the following sub-heading:

3.1       COLLECTION OF DATA

            Data collected were primary and secondary data. The method of collecting the primary data and techniques adopted includes:

1.                  Primary health care financing description questionnaire (PHCFDQ)

2.                  Adults of both male and female of the study areas.

3.                  In terms of educational qualification, people with first school leaving certificate (FSLC) and above were involved.

3.2       TECHNIQUES FOR DATA COLLECTION       

            The sampling techniques used in this research work was simple random sampling. According to Borg and Gall (1998,3:137). Random sampling is a method in which every individual in the defined population has an equal and independent chance of being selected as a member of the sample as a representative of the population from which they are drawn.

3.3       SOURCES OF DATA     

            Data for this research work was primary and secondarily sourced. The primary data was sourced through questionnaire that was carefully designed and distributed by the researcher to the respondent. With respect to secondary data, the researcher consulted several published and unpublished books, journals/periodicals, paper delivered in seminar/workshop, newspaper/magazines and official documents (i.e. government and non-governmental organizations official documents with relevant ideas) as well as information down loaded form the various websites of the UNICEF, WHO, ministry of health in Nigeria via internet. All these were aimed at gathering necessary information needed in the study.

3.4       DESIGN OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE          

            The instrument in the study is a structural questionnaire titled: “primary health care financing’ (A case study of Ezeagu Local Government Area, Enugu State).

            400 copies of the questionnaire were distributed to the respondents. The researcher went to the location of the study to distribute the copies of the questionnaire.

            The researcher designed the questionnaire in such a way that the respondents will not find it difficult to fill in the answers. The questionnaire is divided into two section A and b.

            Respondents are expected to indicate by ticking (√) to option to which or she agrees with the statement made in items: 1-5. Section A brought information on the personnel data of respondent while section B were information related to the research study.

3.5       LOCATION OF THE STUDY                  

            In Enugu state, there are three senatorial zones viz:

i.                    Enugu North

ii.                 Enugu East

iii.               Enugu West

A local government area is selected from each of the senatorial zones namely Ezeagu, Udi, and Nkanu Local Government Area for the purpose of the study.

3.6       POPULATION OF THE STUDY    

            According to the 2006 National population census, the Local Governments Areas have the following population as contained in the table. This formed the study of the population for the study.

            The population distribution table is presented below:

Table 3.1        population Distribution.

Locality	Population	Percentage %
Ezeogu	195,555	30.2
Udi	241, 969	33.2
Nkanu	236,609	36.6
Total	647,133	100

Source: National population commission, Enugu State.

3.7       SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION           

            In determining the sample size of the study, Yaro Yamani, (1964:280) formula was used. The formula is given as follows:

            1 + Ne²  

Where            n = Sample size

                        N = population size

                        I = constant

                        E = Error limit or margin of error of level of Significant (accepted error at 5% i.e. 0.05)

            N   =    647,133

= 647,133

= 647,133

= 647,133

= 400 approximately

Therefore, the sample size is 400. The determination of each of the areas sample size is resented below; the three (3) sample are:

                                    100          1

                  100       1

                            100      1

Table 3.2 sample size distribution 

Locality	Sample Size	Percentage %
Ezeagu	121	300
Udi	133	33
Nkanu	146	37
Total	400	100

3.8       DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES 

            The chi-square method of data analysis was used to analyze data in this research work and also testing the hypothesis declared. The formula:

                             Ei

Where, X² = chi-square

                 Oi = sum of observed frequency

                Ei = Expected frequency

Degree of freedom was also adopted based on the questionnaire. The formula:  df = ( R-1) (C-1)

Where,

            df = degree of freedom

            r = number of rows

            c = number of columns

Degree of freedom are those components of chi-square, which are free to vary randomly and independently once the boarder has been provided.

            In obtaining the chi-square, the degree of freedom and the level of significance are considered very important. The levels of significance(s) are given in the chi-square table below in the appendix when the appropriate degree of freedom and the level of significance have been determined, the chi-square will be found by taking the value that corresponds to the particular degree of freedom and the level of significance.

Decision Rule           

            The decision rule emerges from the comparison of the calculated chi-square (X² cal) and the tabulated (i.e. if x² cal 2 tab), then we accept the null hypothesis (H₀), but on the contrary, if x² calculat
ed is greater than x² tabulated (i.e if x² cal> x² tab), then we accept the alternative hypothesis (H₁) and reject the null hypothesis.

REFERENCES

Borg, W. & Gall (1983), Educational Research an Introduction.         Fourth  Edition, New York Longman Inc.

Yamani, Yaro, (1964), statistics, an Introduction Analysis. Third       Edition, New York,  Harpen and Row Publishing Limited.