Response of Broiler Birds to Diets containing Graded Levels of Rice Milling Waste and Supplementary Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae).
ABSTRACT
Eighty day-old broiler chicks were used for feeding trial carried out to determine the effect of graded levels of Rice Milling Waste (RMW) and Bioactive Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae) which has been shown to secrete enzymes that help to digest crude fiber and organic matter.
This suggest that supplementing broiler ration with bioactive yeast may improve the digestibility and efficiency of utilization of RMW.
The 80 broiler chicks used in this study were randomly distributed in five groups of sixteen birds each. Each group was subdivided into four replicates of 8 birds each.
Group 1 was placed on experimental diet made of 1.5 g/kg yeast basal feed and no RMW, Group 2 was fed on a diet of 1.5 g/kg bioactive yeast, basal feed and 10% RMW, Group 3 and 4 were fed feed containing 1.5 g/kg bioactive yeast, 15 and 20 % RMW respectively while group 5, the control had no RMW and bioactive yeast.
Feed and water were given to the birds ad libitum. Daily feed intake and weekly weight gain were determined. Data were collected on nutrient intake, growth performance, feed intake, growth rate, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, apparent nutrient retention, cost benefit analysis and carcass weight.
Bioactive yeast supplementation resulted in a significant (P<0.05) reduction in feed intake and cost. The results showed that up to 20% RMW with bioactive yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae) supplementation are adequate for oprimum growth of broiler birds.
However, more research work should be done to determine the usage of bioactive yeast in commercial broiler feed production.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of problem
1.3 Aims and objectives of research
1.4 Justification of the research
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 Literature review … … … …
2.1 Nutrient requirement of broilers … … …
2.11 Energy requirement of broilers … … …
2.12 Protein requirement of broilers … … …
2.13 Vitamin requirement of broilers … … …
2.14 Mineral requirement of broilers … … …
2.15 Water requirement of broilers … … …
2.2 Effect of fiber in the diet … … …
2.3 Yeast … … …
2.4 Digestive enzymes contained in yeast … … …
2.5 Rice milling waste (RMW) … … …
2.6 Components of RMW … … …
2.7 Conventional and non-conventional feed ingredients … …
2.8 Growth performance data … … …
2.9 Measurement of growth … … …
2.10 daily feed intake … … …
2.11 Weight gain … … …
2.12 Feed efficiency … … …
2.13 Feed conversion ratio … … …
2.14 Factors affecting growth rate of broilers.. … …
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Materials and Methods … … …
3.1 Location … … … …
3.2 Materials … … … …
3.3 Experimental diets … … … …
3.4 Management of experimental birds … … …
3.5 Data collection and evaluation … … …
3.6 Experimental design … … … …
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Results … … … …
4.1 Weight gain … … … …
4.2 Feed intake and feed conversion ration … … …
4.3 Cost implication of feeding varying dietary levels of rice milling waste and supplementary yeast
4.4 Haematological parameters..
EXPERIMENT 2
4.5 Weight gain … … … …
4.6 Feed intake and feed conversion ratio … … …
4.7 Cost implication of feeding varying dietary levels of rice milling waste andnsupplementary yeast
4.8 Haematological parameters … … … …
4.9 Carcass analysis … … … …
CHAPTER FIVE
5.1 Effect of graded levels of rice milling waste and supplementary yeast on growth performance of broiler birds
5.2 Cost implication of feeding dietary rice milling waste and supplementary yeast
5.3 Effect of graded levels of rice milling waste and supplementary yeast on the haematological parameters of broiler birds
5.4 Effect of graded levels of rice milling waste and supplementary yeast on carcass performance of broiler birds
5.5 Summary and conclusion
REFERNCES … … … …
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background information
It is a fact that humans have been in constant competition with livestock over certain feed ingredients such as wheat, sorghum, soyabeans, maize, groundnuts, etc that are beneficial to both of them.
As a result of this competing demand, which has grown over the years due to the constant increase in both human and livestock population, the resultant effect is high cost of feed (Otokumefor and Olomu, 2000).
Also, the increasing competition between man and animals for available grains (Tegbeet al., 1984; Madubuike, 1998).
The inadequate production of farm crops to meet the needs of man and his livestock (Esonuet al., 2001) and the modern intensive farming practices have resulted in soils with deficiencies that are reflected in the low nutritional content of grains grown on these soils, and in the health of animals raised and maintained on these crops (Barnejee, 2009).
Poultry production is a very important integral part of the agricultural sector of developing countries. Musangi (1992) stated that supply of poultry products in poorer countries could be rapidly expanded to meet the need for animal protein that is in short supply resulting in sub-optimal consumption of animal protein by over 60% of the Nigerian populace.
REFERENCES
Pond, W.G and Manner, J.H. (1974). Effects of crude fiber level on ration digestibility and performance in growing finishing swine. J. Anim. Sci. 21: 692-69.
Merck Veterinary Manual (1979).A Handbook on Diagnosis and Therapy for veterinarians.5th ed. Merck and Co. Inc. Rahway.N.J. USA. P1613.
Agbede, J.O. and Aletor, V.A. (2003). Influence of Roxazyme G supplemenataion on utilization of wheat offal or rice bran by broilers. Proc. 8th Ann. Crop. Anim. Sci. Ass. Of Nig. (ASAN) Sept 16th-18th Fed Univ. of Minna, Nigeria. pp 32-34.
Onifade, A. A., A. A. Odunsi, G. M. Babatunde, B. R. Olorede, and E. Muma (1999). Comparison of the supplemental effectsof Saccharomyces cerevisiae and antibiotics in low-proteinand high-fiber diets fed to broiler chicken. Arch. Anim. Nutr.52:29–39.
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