The Effects of Unemployment on National Development in Nigeria

The Effects of Unemployment on National Development in Nigeria

ABSTRACT

The problem of unemployment on national development is at the focal point of everyday discussion in Nigeria and seemed to be the major cause of social vices in our societies as it leads to political thuggery and other violent activities. The main objective of this research is to know the reason why the majority of the youths are unemployed in the Hadejia Local Government Area of Jigawa State and at the same time, to find solutions to the problems of unemployment.

The study uses primary and secondary data as it was only restricted to the Hadejia Local Government Area of Jigawa State. A sample of 100 respondents was selected using the cluster sampling technique and it was found out that negligence of the agricultural sector, corruption, collapse of the power sector, illiteracy, etc. were the major reasons for unemployment in Nigeria.

The study also uses both descriptive and analytical methods in analyzing the data from the sampled area and recommended that in order to address the problems of youth unemployment in Nigeria, particularly in the Hadejia Local Government Area, greater emphasis is needed to be placed on job creation.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract – – – – – – – – – – i
Table of contents – – – – – – – – – ii

CHAPTER ONE
1.1 General Introduction – – – – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of Research Problem – – – – – – 3
1.3 Research Objectives – – – – – – – – 4
1.4 Research Questions – – – – – – – – 4
1.5 Significance of the Study – – – – – – – 4
1.6 Research Assumptions – – – – – – – – 5
1.7 Scope and limitations of the Study – – – – – – 5
1.8 Research Methodology – – – – – – – 6
1.9 Definition of key Terms – – – – – – – 6
1.10 Outline of Chapters – – – – – – – – 7

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAME WORK
2.1 Introduction – – – – – – – – – 8
2.2 Conceptual Clarification – – – – – – – 9
2.2.1 Unemployment – – – – – – – 9
2.2.2 Youth Unemployment – – – – – – – 10
2.2.3 Development – – – – – – – – – 13
2.2.4 National Development – – – – – – – 14
2.3 Types of Unemployment – – – – – – – – 14
2.3.1 Frictional Unemployment – – – – – – – – 14
2.3.2 Structural Unemployment – – – – – – – – 15
2.3.3 Cyclical Unemployment – – – – – – – – 15
2.4 Causes of Youth Unemployment – – – – – – – 15
2.4.1 Rural Urban Migration – – – – – – – – 16
2.4.2 Rapid Population Growth – – – – – – – 16
2.4.3 Inappropriate School Curriculum – – – – – – – 17
2.4.4 Rapid Expansion of the Educational System – – – – – 17
2.4.5 Declining Manufacturing Sector – – – – – – – 18
2.4.6 Corruption – – – – – – – – – – 19
2.5 Effects of Unemployment – – – – – – – – 20
2.5.1 Economic Effects – – – – – – – – – 20
2.5.2 Social Effects – – – – – – – – – 20
2.5.3 Political Effects – – – – – – – – – 21
2.6 Theoretical Framework – – – – – – – 21

CHAPTER THREE
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AND RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Unemployment and its effects in Hadejia local government – – – 25
3.2 Methodology of the Study – – – – – – – – 26
3.2.1 Research Design – – – – – – – – – 27
3.2.2 Population Size – – – – – – – – – 27
3.2.3 Sample Size – – – – – – – – – – 27
3.2.4 Sampling Technique – – – – – – – – 27
3.2.5 Sources of data – – – – – – – – – 28
3.2.6 Administration of Questionnaire – – – – – – – 28
3.2.7 Methods of Data Analysis – – – – – – – – 28
3.2.8 Validity and Reliability of the Instruments- – – – – – 28

CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 Data Presentation and Analysis – – – – – – – 30
4.2 Presentation of Results – – – – – – – – 30
4.3 Test of Research Assumptions – – – – – – – 35
4.4 Research Findings – – – – – – – – – 37

CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCULUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary – – – – – – – – – – 39
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – – – – 41
5.3 Recommendation – – – – – – – – – 42
Bibliography – – – – – – – – 45
Appendix (Research Questionnaire) – – – – – 48

INTRODUCTION

The issue of unemployment has been a serious global problem for many decades around the 1920s. The problem was linked to the failure of domestic job creation to keep pace with rapid industrial development; while the recent problem of unemployment grew rapidly largely due to the global economic crisis. The United State government announced that employers cut another 651,000 jobs last month, driving unemployment up to 8.1 percent.

Job losses in December and January were even higher than previously reported. The pain is being felt well beyond the United State, by the end of 2007 and early 2008 (Angel, 2002). According to Musa, A., and Saidu, S. (2007), the social consequences of unemployment for those who are out of work include a higher incidence of poverty. Ill-health and death demoralized and strained family relationships which have a negative effect on national development.

For the society as a whole, they include the failure to realize the social investment in human capital made through the education system, and a loss of tax revenue combined with increased outgoing in unemployment benefits that threaten the financing of infrastructural and national development projects. Also, the evil effects of mass unemployment have cracked some families in the country. It has led to broken marriages of once happily married couples.

“Awake magazine” (July 22, 1984) supported this when it stated that families have broken up and the future of their children bleak owing to unemployment. George, R. (2001) maintained that some unemployed people, and their families, experience anxiety and despair, frustration, and desperate unhappiness. He also stated that the psychological pressure of unemployment causes some people to suffer stress.

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