THE METHODS AND PROCEDURES ADOPTED IN THIS RESEARCH WORK ON THE EFFECT OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT ON EMPLOYEE’S MORALE IN GUINNESS NIGERIAN BREWERIES PLC IKEJA LAGOS

 METHODOLOGY

3.1       Introduction

            This chapter is an account of the methods and procedures adopted in this research work on the effect of industrial accident on employee’s morale in Guinness Nigerian Breweries PLC Ikeja Lagos. Specifically, this chapter explains the rationale for the design adopted, the population and sample of the study, source of as well as the instruments and techniques for data collection and analysis.

3.2       Design Method

            In the research design the descriptive method of analysis is adopted. This entails the description of phenomenon and characteristics associated with the subject population,. In the words of Eboh (1998) descriptive studies can be carried out on small and large scale, they involve a systematic collection and presentation of data with hope that good picture of a particular situational will emerge.

  3.3                         Area of the study

The study covers only Guinness Nigerian Breweries PLC, Ikeja Lagos

3.4       Population characteristics

            The population size for the study comprised of both management staff and employees (skill and unskilled) of Guinness Nigerian Breweries PLC, Ikeja, Lagos.

            This is because almost everybody is prone to accident in an industrial setting. Because of the nature of work in the company it was difficult to get accurate number of employees working in the organization. Here, the population was estimated to be 600.

3.5         Sample size

 The sample size was determined using the Yaro Yamene formular, this is because the sample size cannot be guessed

n          =          N         (e)²

When n          =          sample size

            N         =          population size

            e          =          level of significance

            I           =          constant

Subsisting for the above formula, we have

  600                 (0.05)²

          1  +  600

=             600    

            1  +  600         (0.0025)

=              600  

            1 + 1.5

=          350

            2.5

            11        =          240

3.6       Research Instrumentation

            A self-completion questionnaire was used for the purpose of obtaining data from the respondents. The questionnaire was grouped into two. The first one bordered on the issue of demographic characteristics of the company such as Age, sex and academic qualifications while the second one concentrated on obtaining data pertaining to the issue of accident and moral.

3.7       Validity and Reliability of Research instruments.

            The questionnaire was subjected to initial tests for validity and consistency before it was finally adopted. According to Ukwuije (2003) validity is the extent which an instrument measures what it is expected to measure, while reliability measures on the other hand test the consistency of the instrument.

            The questionnaire which was constructed to achieve the above aims was tested by the expert in this field before going out to the respondents.

3.8       Sources of Data

            Data for this research were both qualitative and quantitative, while qualitative data were obtained form interviews and comments of key informants” quantitative data were got from studies whose findings are mainly products of statistical surveys, summaries and analysis.

            Both the qualitative and quantitative data for the study were obtained form two sources, ie primary and secondary sources. Primary sources p
rovides data in their raw and unused forms, with the questionnaire and interview serving as the major instruments and technique of data collection.

            Secondary sources of data for this study were textbooks handbooks, journals, magazines, dictionaries and internet websites that were considered reliant to the study.

3.9       Analytical methods and techniques

 Here, the descriptive mode of analysis is made use of. Responses of the respondents are presented in matrix tables with a calculation of their corresponding

Frequencies

Percentages

Mean

.   10      Decision Rule

            Adopting the chi-square formula as developed by Kal Pearson, Pertorious, (1995). The decision rule for the testing of hypothesis is

Reject Ho, if calculated X2 >critical value

Accept Ho, if calculated X2 >critical value.

Reject Hi, if calculated X2 < critical value.

Accept Hi if calculated X2 < critical value.

CHAPTER FOUR

                     DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

4.1       INTRODUCTION

            Relevant data collected for this study were recorded, edited and coded, and were presented as follows;

A                     =          Agreed

SA                   =          Strongly Agreed

D                     =          Disagreed

SD                   =          Strongly Disagreed

TPR                 =          Total positive Response

TNR                =          Total negative Response

TR                   =          Total Response

%TPR =          Percentage of total positive response

%TNR            =          Percentage of total negative response

Table 4.1

Distribution
Distribution as to the effect of industrial accident on employee’s morale

Source:  Fieldwork

Table 4.1        above shows that total of 302 respondents or 125% agreed that industrial accident has effect on employee’s morale whereas total of 236 respondents or 98% from various questionnaires disagreed that industrial accident has effect on employee’s morale.

Table 4.2

Distributions as to the extent of which training reduces industrial accident rate.

Source: Field work

            From the table above, a total position response of 282, representing 117% agreed with the fact that training reduces industrial accident rate whereas a total of 92 respondents representing 39% disagreed.

Table 4.3

	A	SA	D	SD	TPR	TNR	TR	%TPR	%TNR
Question 18	41	29	65	37	70	102	172	29	42
Question 19	37	42	38	51	79	89	168	37	33
Total	78	71	103	88	149	191	340	66	75

Distribution as to control measures to reduce industrial accident in the company.

Source:          Fieldwork

            The table above shows that a total of 149 or 66% respondents agreed that  Guinness Nigreian breweries, PLC Ikeja Lagos, have control measures to reduce industrial accident in the company while a total of 191 respondents or 75% disagreed that the company have control measures.

Table 4.4

Distribution as to the cost effect of industrial accident in the company.

Source:          Fieldwork

Table 4.4 shows that 463 respondents or 194% shows that there are cost effect of industrial accident whereas 329 respondents representing 137% disagreed that there are cost effect of industrial accident in Guinness Nigerian breweries PLC, Ikeja Lagos.

4.2       Test of hypotheses

            In view of the available and relevant data for this study provided by the fieldwork, the researcher decided to test both hypotheses in section 1.

Re-statement of Hypothesis 1

Null Hypothesis (H₀):

            Industrial accident has no effects on employee morale.

Null Hypothesis (H₂):

            Industrial accident has effects on employee morale.

Decision Rule:

Reject H₀, if calculated X² > critical value

Accept H₀, if calculated X² < critical value

Reject H₁, if calculated X² < critical value

Accept H₁, if calculated X² > critical value

Degree of freedom   =          (R – 1)            (c-1)

                                                            (4-1)               (3-1)

 3 x 2  =          6df

Critical value of 6df at 5% significance level 12.59.

Table 4.5

Value Utilized In Testing Hypothesis

Calculation of the expected frequencies from the observed frequencies

37 = 172 x117 = 37

               538

42 = 198 x117 = 43

   538

38 = 168 x 117 = 37

                538

65 = 172 x185 = 59

                538

69 = 198 x 185 = 68

                 538

51 = 168 x 185 = 58

    538

41 = 172 x 131 =42

                538

53 = 198 x 131 = 48

               538

37 = 168 x 131 = 41

                538

29 = 172 x 105 =34

                538

34 = 198 x 105 = 39

                538

42 = 168 x 105 = 33

               538

Table 4.6

Obs. Freq.	Exp. Freq	(O-e	(O-e)2	(O-e)2/e
37	37	0	0	0
42	43	-1	1	0.025
38	37	1	1	0.027
65	59	6	36	0.610
69	68	1	1	0.0147
51	58	7	49	0.844
41	42	-1	1	0.0238
53	48	5	25	0.520
37	41	-4	16	0.390
29	34	-5	25	0.735
34	39	-5	25	0.641
42	33	9	81	2.5
538	59	-1	198	6.33

 Observed frequency expected frequency

  Ex ² = 6.33

x ²  =å (O-e) ^{2  = 6.33}

Calculated x ²  = 6.33

Critical value = 2.4469

Since the calculated x ² (6.33) is greater than the critical value x ² (24469), the null hypothesis is rejected

4.2 Test of hypothesis II

62 = 195 x 204 = 54

               742

57 = 201 x 204 = 55

               742

48 = 178 x 204 = 49

             742

37 = 168 x 204 = 46

                742

57 = 195 x 209 = 55

              742

65 = 201 x 209 = 57

               742

45 = 178 x 209 = 50

               742

42 = 168 x 209 = 47

               742

35 = 195 x 157 = 41

                742

42 = 201 x 157 = 43

                742

42 = 178 x 157 = 38

                742

38 = 168 x 157 = 36

    742

41 = 195 x172 = 45

                742

37 = 201 x 172 = -47

                742

43 = 178 x 173 = 42

               742

51 = 168 x 172 = 39

                742

 

Ex² = 12.912

X² = å(o-e) ² = 12.912

                E

Calculated x² = 12.912

Critical value = 1.8331

Decision Rule:

            Since the calculated x² (12.912) is greater than the critical value x² (1.8331),

Table 4.9

Values utilized for the test of hypothesis II
I

92 = 194 x 160 = 87

             371

68 = 160 x 177 = 76

                371

65 = 194 x 122 = 64

               371

57 = 177 x 122 = 58

                371

13 = 197 x 38 = 20

              371

25 = 177 x 38 = 18

                371

24 = 197 x 51 = 27

               371

27 = 177 x 51 = 24

 371

 

Ex ² = 6.9

X  ² = å( o – e ) ² = 6.9

                  e

Calculated value x  ² = 6.9

Critical value = 2, 3534

Decision Rule

            Since the calculated x ² (6.9) is greater than the critical value x 2 (2.3534) the null hypothesis is accepted. We there fore conclude that “Employee’s training has significant impact in controlling accident in the organization..

Discussions

5.1       Discussion of Findings

            From the above findings, the researcher discovered that industrial accident is unavoidable in any industrial establishment, from the result of the questionnaires distributed among staff or Employees of Guinness Nigerian Breweries, plc Ikeja Lagos, it was discovered that no matter the level of prevention of industrial accidents, we cannot stop its occurrence. From the first hypothesis tested, the result shows that industrial accident has significant effect on employee’s morale. The second hypothesis put it that though industrial accident is unavoidable, the cost of  reduce the accident has a significant effect on the organization performance. Finally, the third hypothesis concludes that, Employees training has significant impact on controlling accident in the organization. This implies that expatriates are needed if industrial accidents are to be minimized in any industry. 

5.2       Implications of Review

 A major service sector that will improve the employee morale is the inclusion of global diversity plan to help communicate, among others, all the departments in the industry. This will help in the reduction of accidents as well as improve in the employee services delivery.

            Equally, from the literature, it was reviewed that distrust among top-workers and their level of relationship to their junior cadre affects the employee’s morale. To this end both sector should endeavor to come together to rescue the problems. The implication is that the industrial  management should endeavour to improve in managing their industrial hazard  for greater efficiency.