The sociology of knowledge about Kari Mannheim is the study of the relationship between thought and the social context within which it arise and of the effects prevailing ideas have on society. It is not a specialized area of sociology but instead deals with broad fundamental questions about the extent and limits of special influences on individuals live and the social –cultural basics of our knowledge about the world.
The sociology of knowledge was pioneered primarily by the sociologists Emil Durkheim and Marcerl mans at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. Their word deal
directly with how conceptual through language and logic could be influenced by the sociological milieu out of which they arise. “Primitive” group mythology to argue that system of classification are collectively based and that the division with these systems are derived form social categories.
Karl Mannheim ideas in believed that relativism was a strange mixture of modern and ancient beliefs in that it contained within itself a belief in an absolute truth which was true for all times and place the ancient view most often associated with Plato and condemned other truth claims because they could not achieve this level.
ACCORDING TO KARL MANNHEIM( 1893-1947)
According to Plato in the study of knowledge: knowledge is called epistemology Plato famously defined knowledge as “justified true belief however, no single agreed upon definition of knowledge exists through there are numerous theories to explain it. The following quote form Bertrand Russell’s theory of knowledge” illustrates the difficulty in defining knowledge: the question how knowledge should be defined as perhaps the most important and difficult of the three with which we shall deal.
Knowledge acquisition involves complex cognitive process perception, communication, association and reasoning while knowledge is also said to be related to the capacity of acknowledgment for human being
ACCORDING TO PLATO ( 427BC – 347BC)
KNOWLEDGE
Knowledge is a familiarity with someone or something, which can include facts, information, descriptions, or skills acquired through experiences or education, it can refer to the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject. It can be implicit (as with practical skill or expertise ) or explicit (as with the theoretical understanding of a subject ), it can be more or less formal or systematic (1) in philosophy, the study of knowledge is called epistemology; the philosopher Plato famously defined knowledge as “justified true belief”. However, no single agreed upon definition of knowledge exists, through there are numerous theories to explain it. The following quote from Bertrand Russell’s “theory of knowledge” illustrates the difficulty in defining knowledge”
Knowledge acquisition involves complex cognitive processes: perception, communication, association and reasoning; while knowledge is also said to be related to the capacity of acknowledgment in human beings (2)
Theories of knowledge
Knowledge is like a rough diamond will never be worn or shone, if it is not polished lord chesterfield
Knowledge is like a fire which must finish be kindled by some external agent, but which will after wants propagate itself Samuel Johnson letter to Williams Drummond August 23, 1766
The knowledge of man is like the waters some descending form above, and some springing from beneath the one informed by the light of nature the other inspired by divine revelation Francis Bacon
Knowledge is a familiarity with someone or something, which can include facts, information, descriptions or skills acquired through experience or education. It can be implicit as with practical skill or expertise) or explicitly (as with the theoretical understanding of a subject and it can be more or less formal or systematic.
There are no limits to his knowledge, on small subject as well as great ) he is like a book in breeches Sydney Smith Abt Macaulay
Follow knowledge, like a sinking star beyond the utmost bound of human thought Alfred Lord Tennyson
Facts information and skills acquired through experience or education the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject
ROBERT REID, (1896)
According to Emil Durkheim seen that sociology knowledge is the study of the relationship between human thought and the social context within which it arises and of the effect prevailing ideas have on societies.
It is not a specialized area of sociology but instead deals with broad fundamental questions about the extent and limited of social influences on individual lives and the social culture basics of our knowledge about the world. While neither author specifically coined nor used the term sociology of knowledge their work is an important first contribution to the field.
The ideas of Emil Durkherim is concern in functional analysis in involved in valv-judgments and oversteps and oversteps the realm of empirical discipline the claiming that all aspects of a society institution roles norms etc should serve a purpose and that all are indiscipline the claiming that all aspects of a society institution roles norms etc should serve a purpose and that all are indispensable for the long time survival of the society., (1938-17) Emil claimed that the standard of ethical conduct should come from social facts., our ideas of ethics must be derived form the observable manifestation of the rule that are functioning under our eyes, rules that reproduce them in systematic form (1938-23).
ACCORDING TO EMIL DURKHEIM (1933-17)
According to Marx Weber it is possible to say anything useful and general about the subject matter and scope of sociology could we say for i.e the sociology is the discipline that uses empirical methods to arrive at hypotheses and theories about major social groups, social processes and social patterns or does a definition like this suffer from both too much abstraction and too much specificity.
The philosophy are interested in considering general question like these because it reflects a basic intellectual strategy with a long tradition in philosopher to attempt to formulate a description or definition of a certain kind of intellectual pursuit and then to consider the means through which this goal might be satisfied.
The ideas of Marx Weber is interest about the must be traced to the life-condition and the historical situations of those who uphold them. For examples its not sufficient to state that the ideas of bourgeoisie distinction must be make between those ideas that emerge at the beginning of the bourgeois era and those that come at it height.
ACCORDING TO MARX WEBER (1946-1949)
In sociology deals with the social and group origins of ideas in its brief history as a field of study it has included the entire ideational realm (knowledge ideas, theories and mentalities) in an attempt to comprehend hold that realm is related to particular social and how the mental life of a group of people arise within the context of the groups and institutions in which those people live and act. Moreover recently its subjected matter has included not only a society’s authoritative ideas and formal knowledge but also which operate in the realm of everyday life (Swidler A. Arditi) ideas of the social natural of knowledge the sociology of knowledge has been described as an approach or sub-discipline that has no unified field but only series of theoretical works and research agendas. Despite this characterization the sub-discipline of the sociology of knowledge is a recognized field of endeavor that continues to draw new generations of sociologist .
ACCORDING TO SWIDLER A. ARDITI (1994-2003)
According to merton-1945-1957 is that sociology of knowledge its a study only are insofar as it explains the time and circumstance of its emergence, acceptance or observation.
It can be sad lesson is the importance of the human spirit. Mannherims sociology of knowledge in contrast has a dual program on the one hand, it may limit itself to scheler’s alongside of this value –free conception of relations between organized claims about the truth of things and the social activity environment such cultural production massive fact that any philosophical theory of knowledge must recognize and that the sociology of knowledge consequently come upon central epistemological and metaphysical problem of knowledge even if it begins with the more modest ambitions in the manner of academic sociology.
The Merton idea was concern the present chapter will not retry the philosophical case frequently made against we are content to reopened, most recently in the name of most structuralize and postmodernist movement of thought.
We proceed to a reconstruction of sociology of knowledge secure in the belief that he is exemplary in his honesty about difficulties encountered in the attempt to distinguish his unfinished philosophical.
ACCORDING TO ROBERT MERTON (1945-1957)
According to Macmillan (Karl Emil Weber) noted that the importance of subjectivity in social sciences makes creation of fool proof, universal law much more difficult than a natural sciences and that the among of objective knowledge that social science may achieve his precariously limited
There is no absolutely “objective” scientific analysis of culture … all knowledge of cultural reality is always knowledge from the particular points of view an objective analysis of culture invents which proceeds according to the thesis that the idea of sciences is the reduction of empirical reality to laws is meaningless because knowledge of social laws is not knowledge of social reality but is rather attaining this end. Max Weber, 1897
ACCORDING TO MAXMIKLLIAN (KARL EMIL WEBER (1864-1920)
The sociology of knowledge about Kari Mannheim is the study of the relationship between thought and the social context within which it arise and of the effects prevailing ideas have on society. It is not a specialized area of sociology but instead deals with broad fundamental questions about the extent and limits of special influences on individuals live and the social –cultural basics of our knowledge about the world.
The sociology of knowledge was pioneered primarily by the sociologists Emil Durkheim and Marcerl mans at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. Their word deal directly with how conceptual through language and logic could be influenced by the sociological milieu out of which they arise. “Primitive” group mythology to argue that system of classification are collectively based and that the division with these systems are derived form social categories.
Karl Mannheim ideas in believed that relativism was a strange mixture of modern and ancie
nt beliefs in that it contained within itself a belief in an absolute truth which was true for all times and place the ancient view most often associated with Plato and condemned other truth claims because they could not achieve this level.
REFERENCES
Rules for the Study of Natural Philosophy”, Newton 1999
pp.794-6, from the General Scholium, which follows Book
3, the System of the World.
PLATO (427BC-347 BC)
Karl Mannheim(1893-1947)GB 172 MAN. DATES OF CREATION,
(193)1946
Robert Merton (1945-1957) Robert Reid, knowledge (1896).
Thomas Jefferson building, Washington, D.C
Marx Weber (1946-1949) black expressions at book club
Emil Durkheim (1933-17)
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